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essay on shylock in what is a, merchant of venice

Search our Archives: A Shake-Up of Shakespeare's Shylock. By Edmund Jonah. Not too long ago, television screened a documentary on "Shylock" that was interesting, not so much for showing Shakespeare's intention when he created the Are Single Parent Families Dysfunctional?, character but more for dissertation, the range of different attitudes towards him. Ralph Competitors? No one seemed to is a agree, not even on Parent Families Essay, the way Shylock looked! Orson Welles saw him as rather scruffy, with the is a, black garments of the European Hassid, scraggly beard and kafka the trial, tangled hair topped with a funny black hat. What Dissertation? When the competitors, actor Charles Macklin, himself violent, having killed another thespian in is a, a duel, played him as a ferocious devil figure, Alexander Pope maintained Shylock was portrayed the voter india, way Shakespeare wrote him. At the other extreme was Dr. Is A? Jonathan Miller's vision in the person of kafka the trial Laurence Olivier: a very well dressed, opulent, modern integrated Jew, very much the businessman and a far cry from the slimy character with the dissertation, hooked nose and evil leer of anti-Semitic literature and posters. Lauren? Miller tried to divest the is a dissertation, character of the Study: Shushenskaya Hydroelectric Station Essay, stereotype Jew devil, the dirty, filthy pig suckler and is a dissertation, eater of Parent Dysfunctional? pig excrement, the foul polluter of the holy Christian world, so he made him a gentleman no different from the dissertation, Christians around him. However, he had a hard time with Shakespeare's text. He believed Shakespeare made him only momentarily human but then reverted to the stereotype. Miller felt the apa référence, line: "I hate him because he is a Christian," too much perpetuated the what, caricature of the Jew, so he cut it out. What exactly was Shakespeare's intent? "The Merchant of ralph lauren Venice" is what dissertation, called Shakespeare's anti-Semitic play - and with good reason. It has a Jewish villain who gets his comeuppance at Are Single Parent Dysfunctional? Essay, the hands of Christians, which gave Will's audiences something to cheer about. Most Jews hate the what is a, play and wish it were not in Shakespeare's body of work. Some even protest its presentation. Anyone who sits through a traditional performance has every reason to believe that Shakespeare must have been a bigot. Lloyds? But was he? Let us take a closer look at the play, to get some new insights into what, it and the man who wrote it. He hath disgraced me, and hindered me half a million; laughed at my losses, mocked at my gains, scorned my nation, thwarted my bargains, cooled my friends, heated my enemies - and of the nation, what's his reason? I am a Jew. Hath not a Jew eyes? Hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions, senses, passions? Fed with the same food, hurt with the is a dissertation, same weapons, subject to the holocaust the same diseases, healed by what is a dissertation, the same means, warmed and Are Single Essay, cooled by what dissertation, the same winter and summer as a Christian is? If you prick us do we not bleed? If you tickle us, do we not laugh? If you poison us, do we not die? And if you wrong us, shall we not revenge? If we are like you in arnold, the rest, we will resemble you in what is a, that. If a Jew wrong a Christian, what is ralph lauren, his humility? Revenge. If a Christian wrong a Jew, what should his sufferance be, by Christian example? Why, revenge? The villainy you teach me I will execute, and it shall go hard but I will better the instruction. A strange speech to put into the mouth of a villain, one that suggests that vengeance and what is a dissertation, villainy are not part of a Jew's nature and apa référence, must be learned from is a dissertation Christians, with great difficulty and effort. Kafka The Trial? The play is is a dissertation, supposed to voter india be virulently anti-Semitic. Is A? Would an anti-Semite have written those lines? Why does Shakespeare give the ralph lauren competitors, Jew such words to mouth? Why does Shakespeare go out of his way to what is a give the bank, Jew grounds for hating Christians? In Elizabethan times, when anti-Semitic plays were extremely popular in is a, England, especially after the Jewish doctor Roderigo Lopez was convicted of guests nation trying to what is a poison the queen, it was enough to say a character was a Jew to make him a despicable villain, one who would descend to any level of voter india depravity. What? But Shakespeare gives Shylock very good reasons for apa référence, hating the what dissertation, merchant. Why did he do that for ralph lauren, an audience steeped in what, centuries of why do people anti-Semitic tradition? Why did Shakespeare not let the Jew behave, well, like a Jew? And why did Shakespeare let the what dissertation, honest, Venetian gentleman merchant not conduct himself like a Christian? Let us review Shylock's words: "He hath disgraced me, and people deny, hindered me half a million; laughed at my losses, mocked at my gains, scorned my nation, thwarted my bargains, cooled my friends, heated my enemies - and what, what's his reason? I am a Jew." Is this any way for a good Christian to behave? We had better take a more meticulous look at the heroes in Are Single, this play. Before we do, however, let us first establish Shakespeare's mastery of what is a dissertation human psychology. Ralph? His genius lay in his ability to what comprehend all the moods of man. Kafka The Trial? His plays are so well crafted they move from what is a dissertation scene to scene with a logic no modern psychiatrist could fault. A. C. Case Sayano Shushenskaya? Bradley, Professor of Poetry in the University of Oxford and lecturer on Shakespearean Tragedy, drew attention to is a dissertation "the multitudinousness of Shakespeare's genius" and spoke of "his almost unlimited power of conceiving and expressing human experience of Parent Families all kinds." Here are one or two examples. In the is a dissertation, second scene of King Lear, Shakespeare shows us the kafka the trial, sorry sight of an dissertation, old monarch hovering on the edge of lloyds senility; he shows us the self-sacrificing loyalty of the is a, honourable Kent, he shows us the Case Sayano Power Station, cruelty in the goodness of Lear's daughter, Cordelia and the villainy of deceit in her sisters. Is A? Within a single scene, each of his characters are so sharply drawn that he reveals the confidence of Dysfunctional? Essay a man who knows what he is about. His plays hinge on is a, the credibility of why do deny the holocaust his characters and their behaviour. Dissertation? This realisation is extremely important, for the rise and voter india, fall of the what is a dissertation, fortunes of nation frank his characters were founded on their behaviour patterns. What Is A? If he did not give them a solid basis for their motivation, then the grand design of his plays would crumble. They do not. Shakespeare never wrote a careless word; he weighed each one scrupulously. Every speech either drove his story forward or revealed a facet of character necessary for understanding his play. Id Card India? Hamlet's indecision gives us Shakespeare's greatest tragedy. What Is A? In "Julius Caesar," Brutus' naive nobility - his impractical thinking, which leads to kafka the trial disastrous errors of judgement - drags him to what is a his doom. Essay? Macbeth's ambition, Anthony's obsession with the Queen of what is a Egypt, Othello's jealousy, all are so well delineated that we have no trouble believing the Are Single Families, motivation that drives these characters to behave as they do. Let us return now to our Christians in is a dissertation, "The Merchant of Sayano Venice." Antonio, a rich merchant has hazarded all his fortunes in ventures overseas. He is an what dissertation, unmarried man, inordinately fond of a handsome young rake, Bassanio who is already heavily in id card, debt to him, having borrowed his money to enjoy a wild and what, reckless life. Once again Bassanio approaches the merchant who loves him so dearly, to ralph lauren lend him more money so he can woo a rich maiden and what dissertation, thus (as the law allowed him in those days) to become master of an estate that would pay off all his debts and bank, still leave him rich. Here is the what, reason Shakespeare gives his handsome hero for needing the money that Antonio the why do people, merchant does not possess in what, cash. The merchant not so much as questions his friend's integrity let alone suggests that this is another hair-brained scheme to of the nation frank indulge yet another caprice. So much does Antonio love Bassanio, he is is a, prepared to borrow the Are Single Parent Families, money, to furnish his young friend to dissertation woo the wealthy lady. After all, Bassanio is doing this not for love – simply for apa référence, profit. What Is A Dissertation? Their relationship will not be affected. On the contrary, Bassanio will be even more indebted to apa référence him. If Shakespeare had wished, he could have found several noble causes for what is a dissertation, his hero to need money - patriotism perhaps, or philanthropy - but instead he subtly implies that Bassanio's homosexual paramour is ralph competitors, prepared to dissertation give him any amount of his fortune for arnold, the basest of reasons. Now let us take a look at is a, our heroine Portia who, to blinkered readers over the centuries, has been the embodiment of kafka the trial goodness and is a dissertation, purity. Mary Lamb who, with her brother Charles wrote "Tales From Shakespeare," quotes the frank o connor, hero, Bassanio, to what dissertation describe Portia thus: "The rich heiress that Bassanio wished to Parent Families Dysfunctional? Essay marry lived near Venice, at what is a, a place called Belmont: her name was Portia, and in the graces of her person and her mind she was nothing inferior to that Portia, of whom we read, who was Cato's daughter, and the wife of Brutus." Let us bear in apa référence, mind this is is a dissertation, Bassanio, describing the woman he wants to lloyds wive, to what is a his friend, the merchant Antonio, from Case Sayano whom he wishes to borrow the is a dissertation, money to lloyds bank accomplish his base purpose. What Is A? Nothing in Case Study: Sayano Shushenskaya Essay, that portrait could be further from the what, truth. Ralph Competitors? Nothing could be more ironic, as it was Shakespeare who drew both women. Brutus' Portia has two major scenes in "Julius Caesar" where, with masterful strokes, Shakespeare shows us a steadfast, loyal woman of what is a honour and Case Study: Hydroelectric Power Essay, love and truthfulness. And what do we see of the Belmont Portia? Shakespeare introduces her through the fairy tale story of the what, three caskets of Are Single Parent Dysfunctional? gold, silver and lead, to is a dissertation give a picture of an of the nation frank o connor, enchanted princess. What? However, in lloyds, this castle, nothing is what is a, what it seems. Guests Nation Frank O Connor? Portia spends her opening scene ridiculing her suitors. The first to enter upon the stage is is a dissertation, a black Moroccan prince, whose skin, from of the living under a burning sun, has evolved to what dissertation prevent absorption of Phoebus' harmful rays. Apa Référence? He and the Spanish prince of Aragon have come to win the fair lady's hand. What Is A? It is significant that Shakespeare chooses to have a black prince woo Portia and to apa référence give him not one but two scenes. Why not an English royal or a French noble with the is a dissertation, Spaniard? How can we doubt, knowing the id card, Bard is cognisant of every physical and is a, emotional move of guests of the nation frank his characters, he wishes to is a introduce the subject of kafka the trial racial prejudice? These are the amazing lines Shakespeare gave the what is a, regal Prince of apa référence Morocco: "Mislike me not for dissertation, my complexion, the shadowed livery [the dark clothing, meaning skin] of the burnished sun to whom I am neighbour and apa référence, near bred. Bring me the fairest creature northward born, where Phoebus' fire scarce thaws the icicles, and let us make incisions for your love to prove whose blood is reddest, his or mine." Pretty Portia prettily replies: "If my father had not scanted me and what dissertation, hedged me by his wit to yield myself his wife who wins me by that means I told you (choosing the right casket) , yourself, renowned prince, then stood as fair as any comer I have looked on yet for of the nation frank, my affection." But what does our lovely heroine, Portia say when the Prince finally fails the dissertation, test? "A gentle riddance! Draw the curtains, go. Let all of his complexion choose me so." Good riddance says she. She's not interested in Case Study: Shushenskaya Power, the right character, only in the right complexion. What Is A Dissertation? Else why should she prefer a man like Bassanio, our hero, of apa référence whom the dissertation, late, great authority on the Bard, Harley Granville-Barker admitted, rather reluctantly, in bank arnold, his Prefaces to Shakespeare : "Logic may land us anywhere. What? It can turn Bassanio into a heartless adventurer." Portia's late father entrusted her not to why do people deny reveal the secret of the what is a, caskets. Ralph Competitors? But when it comes to the choice of the what is a, handsome rake, Bassanio, she sings a song: Tell me, where is voter id card india, fancy bred , Or in the heart, or in the head ? It is engendered in what is a, the eyes, With gazing fed, and fancy dies. In the cradle where it lies. Let us all ring fancy's knell. I'll begin it - Ding, dong, bell. "And fancy dies in the cradle where it lies. Let us all ring fancy's knell." Bassanio correctly deduces not to select outward show and ornament but to of the frank o connor choose lead, that which sounds like bred, head and nourish-ed. So, the is a, good Portia cannot even remain faithful to her father's dying wish. During the trial, she makes a lofty speech about id card india, mercy that every child who studies the what dissertation, play is lloyds, forced to learn by rote. The quality of is a mercy is voter india, not strained. Is A Dissertation? It droppeth as the apa référence, gentle rain from what dissertation heaven upon bank arnold the place beneath. It is twice blest -- it blesseth him that gives and him that takes. Is A? 'Tis mightiest in the mightiest. It becomes the guests of the nation o connor, throned monarch better than his crown. What Is A? His sceptre shows the hold of the holocaust temporal power, the attribute of awe and what dissertation, majesty wherein doth sit the dread and ralph lauren, fear of kings; but mercy is above this sceptred sway. It is is a, enthroned in guests nation frank o connor, the hearts of is a dissertation kings. It is an lauren, attribute to what God himself. And earthly power doth then show likest God's, when mercy seasons justice. Of The? Therefore, Jew, though justice be thy plea, consider this-- that in what is a, the course of id card india justice, none of us should see salvation. We do pray for mercy, and what dissertation, that same prayer doth teach us all to Case Study: Sayano Shushenskaya Hydroelectric Essay render the dissertation, deeds of apa référence mercy. A pretty speech! But does the lovely Portia show any mercy. She presents one of the most pitiless women when it comes to punishing the what dissertation, Jew. Ralph? She strips him of everything, his self-respect and even his identity when she insists on his conversion to Christianity. Dissertation? She is, in a word, a hypocrite. "Nothing inferior to Brutus' Portia," gushes Mary Lamb. "Love comes out supreme in people deny, the person of Portia," puffs the Preface to is a dissertation the Folger Library edition, "one of the most attractive of Shakespeare's heroines… Shakespeare may have intended her to stand for the abstraction of Love." Let us take one last look at guests of the o connor, this heroine of what dissertation heroines. Portia gives Bassanio a ring and deny, makes him swear he will never part with it. Is A Dissertation? When she comes disguised as a male lawyer and wins the case for her husband's friend, she demands nothing but the ring as token payment. Study: Sayano Power Station? By means of this cheap trick, she forces him into dissertation, a situation that leaves him no choice but to part with it. Bank? Later she accuses him (in loving jest, of what is a dissertation course) of guests of the nation frank o connor having given it to what dissertation a woman (which, of course, he did). He swears on his honour that he gave it to lloyds bank a Doctor of the Law who refused even 3000 ducats for is a dissertation, saving the life of competitors his friend. What Is A Dissertation? What does Portia say to this? "Let not that doctor e'er come near my house. Since he has got the jewel that I loved, and that which you did swear to bank arnold keep for what is a dissertation, me, I will become as liberal as you; I'll not deny him anything I have, no, not my body, nor my husband's bed. Know him I shall, I am well sure of it. (Know him in the biblical sense, to have intercourse!) Lie not a night from home; watch me like Argus (the 100-eyed monster). If you do not, if I be left alone, now by Parent, mine honour, which is yet mine own, I'll have that doctor for what is a, my bedfellow." Can you imagine Brutus' Portia ever telling her husband what Bassanio's Portia tells hers? It is undeniably funny and the audience cannot help but laugh, but does she sound like a sweet, wholesome heroine or more like a jaded street whore? All of the Case Study: Hydroelectric Power Station Essay, last scene of the what is a, play is charged with emotional tension, from the apa référence, word game Jessica and Lorenzo play at what is a, the opening to the very last line when Gratiano says : "Well, while I live, I'll fear no other thing so sore as keeping safe Nerissa's ring," for he too was given a ring by his wife to keep until death. The scene is meant to be amusing - and kafka the trial, it is what, - but Shakespeare draws his humour from real emotions and why do people deny the holocaust, never lets us forget he was on what is a, intimate terms with his characters. They do not rule him; he rules them. He just as soon could have had Portia say: "Should I become as liberal as you? Should I deny him nothing that I have? No, not my body, nor my husband's bed?" But he did not. Ralph Lauren Competitors? He has her speak like the is a dissertation, strumpet she is. Kafka The Trial? And yet she remains, for what, those who refuse to dig deeper than the surface of the voter india, text, the dissertation, embodiment of of the pristine purity! Shakespeare is telling us, as the curtain falls, these people are certainly not going to live happily ever after. In this play, which he rightly calls a comedy, Shakespeare laughs at what is a dissertation, the idiocy and illogicality of guests nation frank o connor racial prejudice. What Is A Dissertation? He gives us Christian heroes with villainous traits, and a villainous Jew who makes us uncomfortable because he has heroic reasons to hate and for Are Single Parent Essay, whom we feel great sympathy. We can only conjecture how the dissertation, audience would have reacted had Edmund Kean played Shylock not traditionally costumed in the black garb with pointed beard and voter, black skullcap, not bent over and not so very different from dissertation our Christian heroes. For despite this time-honoured and apa référence, woefully wrong picture of dissertation Shylock, he acted with such pathos that spectators wept. All this is amazing because Shakespeare, most likely, never met a Jew. Apa Référence? They had been banished from is a dissertation England and voter india, very few, mainly converts to Christianity, remained in the country. What? In the Middle Ages, Jew baiting was popular. It was enough to say a character was a Jew to accept him as the embodiment of guests of the nation o connor evil. To this day, the word 'Jew' upon what the stage has great emotional impact. Study: Sayano Shushenskaya Power Station? Used to what is a dissertation such great effect in the play "Cabaret," that those who have seen it performed will never forget how much of an impact it had. In Shakespeare's days, literally thousands of these virulent anti-Jew plays were written, so lacking in lauren competitors, worth that virtually only two survived: Marlowe's "The Jew of Malta," and "The Merchant of is a dissertation Venice," acknowledged as being by of the nation frank o connor, far the what is a, superior. Shakespeare had his eye on the box-office and knew a good thing when he saw it. Anti-Semitism pulled in why do people deny the holocaust, the crowds and he would have been insane not to is a have used it. Why Do People Deny? But. this was Shakespeare, a man who could not write a worthless play - lacking art, lacking depth. What Dissertation? We are discussing mankind's most precious literary gem, one who soars above his fellow humans even today and one who was not prepared to let his audience off easily. That is guests of the o connor, not to what is a dissertation say Shakespeare did not pander to ralph lauren competitors the prejudices of what is a his audiences. However, quite the ralph competitors, reverse of is a dissertation Jonathan Miller's view, whenever Shylock enters the guests nation frank o connor, stage he is the is a dissertation, epitome of the stereotyped Jew, evil for Are Single Parent Families Dysfunctional? Essay, evil's own sake. Is A? This was merely to satisfy the Study: Sayano Shushenskaya Hydroelectric Power, demands of his audience, particularly the dissertation, groundlings, who revelled in hissing and why do people the holocaust, cat-calling the actor. Until the what, 19 th century - reflecting the low comedy part of of the nation frank Judas in what is a, Biblical drama - Shylock was portrayed in lauren, a red wig, red beard and is a, huge bulbous nose. Kafka The Trial? The English public became conditioned to this clownish figure of is a dissertation towering wickedness. But, that, clearly, was not Shakespeare's intention for, as each of people deny Shylock's scenes develops, a subtle change occurs that makes the is a, audience uncomfortable. When they laugh, the laugh's on them. Shakespeare was a playwright of extraordinary skills. Case Study: Sayano Shushenskaya? He was not content to dissertation let his Jew remain a one-dimensional symbol of Parent Families Essay evil. For the very first time, a writer gives the Jew a motive for his hate. To quote Harry Golden from what is a dissertation "Only in America:" – "Shakespeare was the people deny, first writer in seven hundred years who gave the Jew a 'motive.' Why did he need to give the what dissertation, Jew a motive? Certainly, his audience did not expect it. For centuries they had been brought up on the stereotype, 'this is Are Single Parent Dysfunctional? Essay, evil because it's evil' and here Shakespeare comes along and is a dissertation, goes to so much 'unnecessary' trouble giving Shylock a motive. Why Do Deny The Holocaust? At last! A motive!" Not only is a that. Deny? Shakespeare gives Shylock emotions and what is a dissertation, sensitivity of kafka the trial touching humanity. What? The Jew could feel pain and anguish, as when he bemoans the kafka the trial, loss of the ring his deceased wife gave him even before they were married. The audience is busy laughing at the jackass Shylock's daughter, Jessica has made of is a dissertation her father by why do people deny the holocaust, robbing him, and at the Jew's hysterical outburst at losing so much at the hands of his own flesh and what is a dissertation, blood, when Tubal says: "One of kafka the trial them showed me a ring that he had of your daughter for is a dissertation, a monkey." Shylock, in voter id card, tears, in what dissertation, rage, in primordial pain, cries out. Why Do People Deny The Holocaust? "Out upon is a dissertation her! Thou torturest me, Tubal. It was my turquoise. I had it of apa référence Leah when I was a bachelor. I would not have given it for a wilderness of monkeys." While the audience thinks Shylock has been hit hardest because his daughter robbed him of money and what is a dissertation, jewels, he shows us a Jew most pained over apa référence a turquoise ring, a semi-precious stone that held little more than sentimental value. Now since racism is the renunciation of logic Shakespeare uses it to play with his Christian audiences. What Dissertation? He knew his patrons fed upon voter anti-Semitism so he makes them renounce all logic and is a dissertation, teases them with insults they do not feel. Why Do Deny? Shylock knows what no one could possibly know, that not one of the merchant's ships due in what is a, 30 days, will come through from different parts of the world, so he gives Antonio 90 days credit with impunity. Then the merchant himself, descending to duplicity and deceit and Study: Shushenskaya Station, throwing good money after bad, knows Bassanio will be successful, and what, lends his friend more money on top of what he is Are Single Families, owed, to woo a rich heiress. The audience must accept as good, a man who, on approaching the Jew for the 3000 ducats, treats a fellow human thus: Shy : Signor Antonio - many a time and oft, in dissertation, the Rialto, you have rated me about lloyds bank arnold, my moneys and my usances. What Is A? Still have I borne it with a patient shrug, for sufferance is the badge of people the holocaust all our tribe. Dissertation? You call me misbeliever, cutthroat dog, and spit upon why do people deny my Jewish gaberdine - and all for what is a dissertation, use of that which is my own. Well then. Kafka The Trial? it now appears you need my help. What Is A Dissertation? Go to, then! You come to me and say: 'Shylock, we would have moneys.' YOU say so - YOU, that did void your rheum (spittle) upon apa référence my beard and what, foot me as you spurn a stranger cur over your threshold. Kafka The Trial? Money is your suit? What should I say to is a you? Should I not say: 'Has a dog money? Is it possible a cur can lend three thousand ducats?' Or shall I bend low and in bank, a bondman's key, with bated breath and what, whispering humbleness, say this: 'Fair sir, you spit on me on id card, Wednesday last; you spurned me such a day; another time you called me dog; and for these courtesies I'll lend you thus much moneys.'? Ant : I will as likely call thee so again, and spit on thee again, and spurn thee too. What Is A? If you will lend this money, lend it not as to your friends, for when did friendship take a breed for barren metal of kafka the trial his friend? But lend it rather to what is a your enemy who, if he break, you may then with better face exact the penalty. Shakespeare's subtlety covers another glaring injustice? "When did friendship take a breed for ralph lauren competitors, barren metal (i.e. interest) of is a his friend?" Of course, Antonio can say this with impunity. Guests O Connor? He has no need to earn his living by usury; he could turn a penny any way he pleased, even lend money without interest, which he did to rob Shylock of what is a his living. Bank? The Jews of is a Europe, as most of why do people the holocaust us know (and as Shakespeare most certainly did), were forbidden to trade in any way. Is A? Money-lending was their sole means of income. Are Single Parent Dysfunctional? Essay? Ironically, Christian moneylenders of the time were notoriously much more usurious than the what is a, Jews. It is certainly not Christian charity that urges Antonio to give the arnold, Jew some business. He knew he would pay less interest on his 'barren metal' - as he derisively calls it. How did our charming hero Bassanio get into the merchant's debt if not by taking barren metal from what dissertation his friend? Why does Antonio wish to Shushenskaya Station borrow 3000 ducats now if not to what bestow this barren metal upon Are Single Parent Families Dysfunctional? his friend - as a stake to what is a dissertation woo a rich milch cow? Does the good Antonio feel the least bit unchristian or uncharitable for abusing Shylock and his nation for Are Single Essay, being what they are and dissertation, living only as they can? Not at all! "I will as likely call thee so again, to people deny spit on thee again, to is a dissertation spurn thee too." Now - the good Christians induce Shylock's only child, his daughter Jessica, to Study: Hydroelectric Station desert her widowed father, rob him of his money and is a, jewels, and guests of the frank, dressed in man's clothing (a crime in Jewish law) to steal away in the dark of night and what, elope with her gentile lover, Lorenzo. Apa Référence? Audiences, hysterical with laughter at what, this violation of the apa référence, Jew by his own daughter, miss the irony of what dissertation Gratiano's remark when Jessica says: " I will make fast the doors, and guests o connor, gild myself with some more ducats and is a dissertation, be with you straight." Gratiano : "Now by my hood, a gentile and no Jew!" At the trial, this villain, this embodiment of apa référence evil, this polluter, this devil, this Shylock, is unrecognised by the erudite woman of quality, Portia. Is A Dissertation? He stands but a few feet away alongside the pure Christian, Antonio, but she does not even hazard a guess. Id Card India? Should she not be able to what dissertation know the devil incarnate, the why do people deny, hooked nose excrement eater, the defiler of what dissertation Christians? She does not and so must ask: "Which is the merchant here and which the Are Single Parent Essay, Jew?" Let us also recall here what the what is a, noble Antonio tells Bassanio when they first meet Shylock in the play: " Oh, what a goodly outside falsehood hath!" Hence it is ludicrous to portray Shylock as an apa référence, old Jew bent double, dressed in a dirty black gown with a dirty black skullcap. What? Jonathan Miller's view of kafka the trial him was more correct. He is dissertation, about 50 years old, unbent, vigorous and dressed as richly as any Italian merchant. Let us examine the legal points by voter id card, which Portia won the suit and what is a, see again the renunciation of all logic: "Tarry a little. People? There is dissertation, something else. This bond does give you here no jot of blood. The words expressly are 'a pound of Study: Sayano Power flesh.' Take then your bond. What Is A? Take thou, thy pound of flesh. But in lauren competitors, the cutting it, if you should shed one drop of what is a dissertation Christian blood, your lands and goods are, by competitors, the laws of Venice, confiscate unto the what dissertation, state of Venice. Id Card? As for what, urging justice, be assured you shall have justice more than you desire. Apa Référence? Therefore, prepare now to cut off the flesh. Dissertation? Shed you no blood, nor cut you less nor more, but just a pound of id card india flesh. What Dissertation? If you take more or less than a just pound - be it but so much as makes it light or heavy in Families Essay, the substance or the division of the twentieth part of what is a one poor scruple - nay, if the scales do turn but in voter id card india, the estimation of what is a a hair, you shall die, and ralph competitors, all your goods are confiscate." With Shylock's demand for is a, a pound of flesh, he makes his audience take a huge leap into apa référence, absurdity. Shylock, as a practicing Jew, would never - nay, could never - make such a demand. What Is A Dissertation? Even Harley Granville-Barker admitted: "There is no more reality in Shylock's bond than in apa référence, Jack and what dissertation, the Beanstalk." But let us suppose we all can take that leap, then the law must remain on apa référence, the side of the is a dissertation, Jew. (A) The implied condition upon payment of a pound of flesh is that one gets the sinews, the veins and bank, the blood that must necessarily flow. If one goes to buy a pen, one does not ask if the nib comes with it, or a shirt without buttons. Doesn't meat come untrimmed of fat? (B) She is quite right in her demand that he take no more than the pound of what flesh, but why not less ? It is his right to kafka the trial accept less payment. Any court of law, then and what is a dissertation, now, would have dismissed her silly arguments but Shakespeare makes the kafka the trial, court and his audience accept it unquestioningly. Is A? For these hundreds of years, people have swallowed this line of competitors thinking in what is a, the play, but would reject it out of hand in Case Study: Shushenskaya Hydroelectric Power Essay, practice. When the villain is what is a dissertation, finally brought to heel, the Christians breathe out nothing but venom and hate. Guests Of The Nation Frank? Harry Golden says: "Shakespeare seems to is a go out of his way to arnold give us a frightening picture of the 'victors.' He has them standing together pouring out a stream of vengeance. What Dissertation? We're not through with you yet, Jew. Kafka The Trial? The money we have left you after you have paid all these fines, you must leave to Jessica and your (Christian) son-in-law who robbed you. Shakespeare keeps them hissing their hate." The judge appears lenient next to Portia who wants him stripped of is a everything. The final irony is apa référence, that he must perforce become a Christian, a most precious gift smashed upon his head with hatred. What Is A? The only one with a shred of guests of the nation o connor dignity at this stage is the villain, Shylock, who exits on the lines: "I pray you, give me leave to go from hence. What Is A Dissertation? I am not well. Send the apa référence, deed after me and what dissertation, I will sign it." The extent of the contempt Shakespeare held for Christian mores of his time is summed up with biting irony when Launcelot Gobbo tells Jessica: "This making of Christians will raise the lauren competitors, price of hogs. If we grow all to be pork-eaters, we shall not shortly have a rasher on is a, the coals for money." Most Christians (and Jews who condemn the play) refuse to lloyds bank arnold take the leap that Shakespeare's text reveals, choose not to dissertation recognize the Shushenskaya Hydroelectric Power Station, genius of a master satirist at work. When Shylock is what is a, first introduced, Shakespeare gives him the line: "I hate him for Are Single Parent Dysfunctional? Essay, he is is a dissertation, a Christian." Absurd, isn't it? Viscous and apa référence, cruel! Jonathan Miller was afraid to use it. What Is A? The archetypal Jew in the minds of the audience! But that is Are Single Parent Families Essay, precisely what anti-Semites say of Jews. Shakespeare is saying: "You are as absurd as this caricature of a Jew you want to see." For, following on what is a dissertation, the heels of that remark, we have Shylock's Rialto speech wherein he shows us what kind of a Christian we are dealing with and the legitimate reasons for Shylock's hate? As long as blindness for Shakespeare's intention remains, so long will his Christians in guests of the frank, the play remain good and his Jew a figure of what is a dissertation extortion and evil, to laugh at Case Sayano Hydroelectric Station, when bested. A great pity for here was Bill at is a, his satiric best, brilliantly concealing a shockingly anti-Christian text in the garb of an Families Dysfunctional? Essay, anti-Semitic play. The author was born in Calcutta, India, moved to London at what dissertation, the age of Case Study: Power Essay 22; then 10 years later to Israel with his wife and daughter; added two ' Sabra' sons and spent the what dissertation, last 4 decades in people, Israel. He was one of the founding members of English Theatre in dissertation, Israel and kafka the trial, directed a number of plays, two of what is a which won accolades at Dysfunctional?, International festivals in dissertation, Dundalk, Eire. He also helped start the Study: Sayano Hydroelectric Power Station Essay, Shakespeare Reading Circle in Tel Aviv. from the is a, June 2009 Edition of the Jewish Magazine.<

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Nov 25, 2017 What is a dissertation, buy an essay paper - Essay:On anti-intellectualism in is a, the United States of America. It does not necessarily reflect the views expressed in RationalWiki's Mission Statement, but we welcome discussion of kafka the trial, a broad range of ideas. Unless otherwise stated, this is original content, released under CC-BY-SA 3.0 or any later version. What Is A! See RationalWiki:Copyrights. Feel free to make comments on the talk page, which will probably be far more interesting, and might reflect a broader range of RationalWiki editors' thoughts. Anti-intellectualism refers to apa référence, the resentment or mistrust of intellectuals, intellectual pursuits, and the sciences. Its prevalence in is a dissertation, the United States of America is perhaps one of the nation's most major hindrances to solving the problems it faces collectively. Anti-intellectualism is a prejudice that produces an unreasoned fear of objective study and kafka the trial scientific expertise, often taking the guise of is a, anti-elitism in the face of outrageous dystopian caricatures of id card india, a world run by is a, an aristocracy of callous monoliths in laboratory coats or by an armada of o connor, machines and computers. Obviously, anti-intellectual sentiment has its basis mostly in misunderstanding, but a persistent stream of misinformation spewed by the impassioned yet hollow rhetoric of shallow politicians and self-proclaimed orators has only served to maintain ignorance. What Is A! Over the kafka the trial course of this essay, I hope to explain the history and causes of is a dissertation, anti-intellectual sentiment as it has manifested and grown in the United States of voter id card, America and to demonstrate the detrimental effect it has had and will have on our nation, from is a dissertation there seeking to encourage whoever might view this essay to reverse this trend by embracing objective problem-solving and developing an why do people deny the holocaust interest in critical thinking and what is a the sciences. On the influence of Case Sayano Shushenskaya Hydroelectric Power, agrarian lifestyle [ edit ] In the 19th Century, the population of America was still largely rural. What Dissertation! Agrarian lifestyles demanded a capacity for consistent physical labor and apa référence a highly specialized knowledge. What Is A Dissertation! The study of classical knowledge, of poetry, philosophy, mathematics, history, etc., was seen as largely unnecessary. Id Card India! The old adage "Curiosity killed the cat," perhaps best exemplifies some of the what dissertation quasi-spiritual association of ralph, intelligence with a tendency towards wickedness. For example, Rev. Bayard R. Hall is said to have written of frontier Indiana in 1843, "We always preferred an ignorant bad man to is a dissertation, a talented one, and Sayano Hydroelectric Power Essay hence attempts were usually made to ruin the moral character of a smart candidate; since unhappily smartness and wickedness were supposed to what is a dissertation, be generally coupled, and Study: Hydroelectric Power incompetence and goodness" ("Renaissance"). Perhaps the what idea was that, as every man is supposedly just as likely as the other of apa référence, being evil, it was a safer bet to disarm all men intellectually that they might not have an arsenal of wit with which to commit some heinous crime. Also, as America was (and is) still a relatively young nation, a bitter taste was still fresh in dissertation, the mouths of colonial descendants, of aristocracy and the so-called "high class". The image of the self-made man, the Families underdog, or a bumpkin who had no need for anything but his own determination, developed into what dissertation an ideal, perhaps even exemplifying the Case Sayano Shushenskaya Hydroelectric Power Station Essay American dream. Is A! After all, we were nothing but a series of of the, little colonies that had rebelled against and won our independence from the great British Empire. On the is a dissertation influence of guests of the nation o connor, Christian revivalism and historical fundamentalism [ edit ] It is what is a dissertation, of worthy note that in the 19th Century, there took place a wave of india, rural Christian revivalism called the Second Great Awakening, and another wave of revivalism later in the century, quite aptly named the what dissertation Third Great Awakening. This latter "awakening" had its roots in events actually taking place in the former, as in id card india, 1823 William Buckland, Dean of Westminster Abbey, published Reliquae Diluvianae , describing accumulations of bones found in caves, which were interpreted as indications of is a, Noah's Flood, or relics of a pre-deluge world. Parent Families Dysfunctional? Essay! Geology at what is a, the time was an emerging science and already we can see a clash between science and religious fundamentalism, particularly in kafka the trial, regards to a literal interpretation of the Book of Genesis. What! Attempts to guests of the o connor, pacify simmering conflict are manifest in Hugh Miller's Foot-Prints of the Creator in what, 1849 and Testimony of the lauren competitors Rocks eight years later. These exemplify some of the earliest attempts in America by the dogmatically superstitious to construe scientific findings as evidentiary support for a biblical history, relying particularly on a misunderstanding of the evidence at hand and an often impressive display of mental contrivance. However, perhaps most influential in is a, the conflict between religious dogmatism and guests frank science is the dissertation 1859 publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species . The Third Awakening, recognized as being the most fiercely evangelical of the four that would occur, was characterized by mass-conversions and relentless missionary work, perhaps solidifying the apa référence place of what dissertation, religious fundamentalism in Case Study: Power Station Essay, historically rural America. On the impact of what is a, World War II, the Holocaust, and Stalinist Russia [ edit ] As we move onward through history, we can begin to apa référence, see a misguided association between science and ruthlessness or dehumanization. The strongest example of this would have to be the National-Socialists' pseudo-scientific justifications of racism and genocide, the butcher-like finesse of Hauptsturmführer-SS Dr. Dissertation! Josef Mengele playing no small part in guests of the o connor, connecting inhuman atrocity with a cold, calculating indifference to human suffering. Even in is a, the realm of voter, dictatorial pseudo-Communism, it could be said Stalin dehumanized his own select list of "undesirables" by some inexplicable, cold scientific process. Accusations that either regime founded its actions in science (DeWitt, Morris 179, Weston, Weston-Broome, "What happened"), of course, have no basis in fact as the National-Socialists and what dissertation Stalinist dictatorship both dressed their own prejudices and voter id card irrational, unwavering dogmas in what is a, pseudo-scientific language as an attempt at kafka the trial, legitimacy, a tactic often employed by creationists and fervent anti-intellectuals. Is A Dissertation! (It is also worth noting that, among the people the holocaust Nazi book burnings were included evolutionary texts, Hitler himself advocating creationism and grounding his ideas in what is a dissertation, a "divine right", 65, 214, 383, 398 & "When Books Burn".) To say otherwise would imply, among other things, that science is inherently anti-Semitic, a notion contradicted not only by Albert Einstein, David S. Kafka The Trial! Eisenberg, and dissertation the World Congress of lauren, Jewish Scientists, but by what, anti-Semitic rhetoric itself, including a claim from the Shushenskaya Power Essay infamous forgery, The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion that evolutionary biology and what geology were attempts by kafka the trial, the World Jewry at subverting the Christian religion and is a dissertation social order (Nilus 45). In modern times, we can still see that these attitudes persist, notably in arnold, the rhetoric of rightwing and what fundamentalist politicians, but to some extent in movements, such as PETA, often considered "liberal". The atrocities committed in ralph competitors, wartime camps not yet a century old in is a dissertation, memory, it is easy to lloyds bank, find on is a the conservative end of our political spectrum an association between "Darwinism" (by which is meant methodological naturalism) and voter id card social Darwinism, as might be manifest in Nazi-fascist or dictatorial policies (DeWitt, Morris 179, Weston, Weston-Broome). Is A! (That such ruthlessness and authoritarianism be always associated in the collective mind of the American Right with communism is unfortunate and, with some thought, paradoxical.) We do see, however, leftwing currents of anti-intellectualism, most notably in the 1960s, in which anti-war sentiment was also very strong. Illustratively, the Secretary of Defense at this time, Robert McNamara, was considered as having viewed war casualties merely as statistics, his indifference to humanity a token stylization of the lab-coat monolith. Bank Arnold! Particularly common in is a, the leftwing mindset of the era was the conspiratorial idea of the educational system and scientific experts as functioning to guests of the frank, maintain the status quo and ensure conformity. Marxist, music man, and sociologist Theodor Ludwig Wiesengrund Adorno noted a trend in the youth as relying not on reasoning and evidence to achieve the societal change they wanted, but a romantic image of uneducated mountain men and moonshiners and dissertation preferred symbolic gesture as a means of deny, affecting change (Adorno 165-168). He labeled this tendency "actionism". Another more contemporary liberal current of anti-intellectualism is the idea of what, un-schooling, that a child will learn everything he needs to by his own play or exploration. Modern rightwing currents of anti-intellectualism are far more apparent, particularly with the Are Single Parent Families Essay association of American conservatism and dissertation Christian fundamentalism. Former vice-presidential candidate Sarah Palin demonstrated a rather ignorant, if smug tendency for kafka the trial, dismissing sciences as eccentric, so often found in neoconservative rhetoric, in her first policy speech urging the federal government to fund the what is a Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Lloyds Bank! Here is the quote itself: Where does a lot of that earmark money end up anyway? [. ] You've heard about some of these pet projects they really don't make a whole lot of sense and sometimes these dollars go to projects that have little or nothing to do with the public good. Things like fruit fly research in what dissertation, Paris, France. I kid you not. Palin did not seem to be aware of the fact that, one year previous, a study at the University of North Carolina, of apa référence, fruit flies, demonstrated the need for what is a, a specific protein called neurexin for nerve cell connections to form and voter india function properly (Li, Jingjun et al. 741-55). To quote: "The discovery, made in what is a, Drosophila fruit flies may lead to advances in understanding autism spectrum disorders, as recently, human neurexins have been identified as a genetic risk factor for autism" ("Specific Brain Protein"). Guests Frank! In fact, there was another such study done the what is a dissertation very same year ("Drosophila Drug Screen" & S, Chang et al. 256-63) and kafka the trial plans to what dissertation, further explore the ralph implications of what is a dissertation, these discoveries (Leuven). Apa Référence! I hesitate to make any conjecture based on what is a dissertation this alone, but I can't help but wonder what state Sarah Palin's youngest offspring Trig would be in for the rest of his life had the Governor's version of reality been enacted as policy. Concerning "academic freedom" and Are Single Parent Families Essay intellectual paranoia [ edit ] Compounding a perceived uselessness and eccentricity held over from the 19th Century, neoconservative anti-intellectualism manifests also in dissertation, an interesting paranoia over "liberal indoctrination" in academia. Bank Arnold! The founder of what, a reactionary wiki known as "Conservapedia", self-proclaimed to Case Study: Sayano Shushenskaya Power Essay, be an is a unbiased and of the nation frank reliable source, Andrew Schlafly (Simon), has maintained a website whose so-called sciences are dedicated to biblical literalism, creationism ("Theory of what is a dissertation, Evolution"), and why do the holocaust anti-relativism ("Conservapedian Relativity" & "Theory of Relativity"), for the simple fact that scientific relativity is what is a dissertation, similar-sounding to voter id card, moral relativism (a philosophy abhorred by most of his wiki's contributors) ("Conservapedian Relativity"). In fact, quite often is what is a, a user banned for making any changes to the open wiki that are perceived as having any connection to lauren competitors, liberalism ("User talk:Jpatt"). Is A Dissertation! What is lauren, most disturbing about this is dissertation, that Andrew Schlafly, a man of apa référence, limited education and what is a dissertation scant credentials (in fact, no evidence in Study: Sayano Shushenskaya Hydroelectric Power Essay, the public domain for what is a dissertation, his training or qualification in the fields of education or childhood/pre-college development), runs a home-schooling business. Considering this is Parent Essay, a man who rejects relativity for what is a dissertation, its phonetic similarity to Dysfunctional?, an entirely different idea and accepts three-word, incomplete sentences ("Student Eleven") or factually incorrect answers ("Student Four") as A-grade AP-level responses to essay prompts ("American Government 101"), I think I can be allowed my concern. Also perpetuating the is a dissertation liberal-schooling conspiracy theory is David Horowitz (FrontPage Mag), exemplifying a persecution complex common amongst the religious right in his founding of what he calls the Are Single Parent Families Dysfunctional? Essay "academic freedom" movement (Media Transparency). Is A! On several occasions, when Horowitz has been asked to of the nation frank, substantiate his claims of liberal indoctrination in what dissertation, academia (Marklein), such as a student receiving an F for not condemning Bush as a war criminal (Horowitz "Victory!" & Call) and a professor showing his students Fahrenheit 9/11 as a means of voter, influencing their votes for the 2004 presidential election (Horowitz "Freedom"), he has consistently failed to do so ("Retractions", "Tattered Poster Child"), despite odd, yet victorious claims to such accusations being "confirmed". The most damning source of what, anti-intellectualism in our nation, however, comes from voter india a seemingly more legitimate source than the sophomoric demonstrations of a student protester or the is a borderline-insane ramblings of of the nation frank, a dogmatic religious nut: our own media. Is A! Our media necessarily grabs the why do people deny most sensational stories it can find and what has, historically, paraded half-baked hypotheses as being dire predictions for humanity's immediate future. Guests Nation O Connor! A few examples of sensationalist trends are vaccine, SARS, and dissertation swine flu panics. Of course, when such craziness is later corrected or shown even to voter india, the layman to have not been viable, science takes on what is a the appearance of constantly shifting from one extreme to the other in prediction. People are turned off by Are Single Families Dysfunctional?, the idea of some eccentric eggheads who think one day that the is a dissertation world will freeze and the next that it will flood. Case Study: Sayano Shushenskaya Station Essay! Some of dissertation, them even come to guests of the nation frank o connor, believe that scientific experts are really no more knowledgeable than they, and what is a dissertation so set out on their own trek of inadvertently spewing misinformation while convinced that they, through their own philosophical conjecture, know, fully, how the world works. And then there are just some people who really don't care that much about anything past their next party or fix; a nihilistic apathy. On the effects of id card india, anti-intellectualism [ edit ] The effects of mass anti-intellectual sentiment are themselves devastating to what, any civilization. Our most fundamental system of Families Dysfunctional?, supplying our people with problem-solving abilities and useful skills, our educational system, comes under attack from anti-intellectualism, sometimes by what is a dissertation, radical leftwing sophistry, but more often by rightwing fundamentalism and apa référence paranoia. Already cited as examples were Andrew Schlafly's home-schooling program and wiki, and what is a dissertation David Horowitz's so-called "Freedom Center". Guests Of The O Connor! Both are hypocritical affronts to what is a dissertation, education on the grounds of bank, political indoctrination and what both are founded in o connor, their respective creator's personal prejudices and preconceptions. But history has shown us numerous instances in is a dissertation, which anti-intellectualism has endangered us, both in education and ralph lauren freedom. The Butler Act of 1925 in what, Tennessee demanded that the biblical account of man's origin be taught as science, not only superseding evolutionary biology and evidentiary science, but also the Are Single Dysfunctional? Essay creation myths of all other conceivable religions. What Dissertation! Likewise, the guests of the nation frank laws leading to the Scopes Trial and what is a dissertation Epperson v Arkansas forced education to why do deny the holocaust, tailor to the superstitions of is a, one particular religious sect, at nation o connor, the cost of is a, our children's education. Are Single Parent Families Essay! The Balanced Treatment for Creation-Science and what Evolution-Science Act (McLean v. Arkansas), Balanced Treatment for Creation-Science and deny the holocaust Evolution-Science in Public School Instruction Act (Edwards v. What Is A Dissertation! Aguillard), as well as creation-"science" and intelligent design (Kansas evolution hearings, Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District) all represent dogmatic religious prejudices and apa référence superstition being disguised as science to what, generate an Case Study: Shushenskaya Power artificial air of legitimacy. What Is A Dissertation! Likewise, they show that even these ridiculous ideas do represent danger to kafka the trial, actual science, as these are attempts at creating an dissertation illusory controversy or balance of evidence between evolutionary biology and creationist magic. Even worse, there are still schools today, such as Providence Christian Academy in Sayano Station Essay, Jacksonville, Florida, Pensacola Christian College, and countless others, that cater to creationist dogma in what, their own science texts and why do people the holocaust force constant political indoctrination on what is a dissertation their students. (I honestly don't know how the sinfulness of Brazilian culture came up in Geography back in seventh grade, but we were only lloyds going by the book.) Concerning appeal over what dissertation, efficacy [ edit ] In politics, anti-intellectualism, outside of religious leanings, takes a more subtle form. Our entire system is ralph, currently based alone on what is a the appeal of character of our candidates. Lloyds Bank! Our leaders and bureaucrats are often admired for their "convictions" over their expertise or credentials. This often sets the is a stage for personal opinion as precedence for policy, obviously not the most effective way to kafka the trial, deal with the issues facing us considering most people do not know a thing about what is a, North American resources or quite exactly what our effect is on nation frank o connor our environment or the is a world economy. Our entire economy, in fact, is guests of the nation, based on a monetary holdover from the days of perceived scarcity and what is a dissertation the necessity of Are Single Parent, assigning subjective value to dissertation, goods for the allowance of bartering, as opposed to, say, objectively valuing goods by bank arnold, units of what is a, energy used in lloyds, their production and what distribution. Such an idea would be abhorred, if not for that it upsets the lloyds arnold status quo and is unusual, then that, since it is obviously not capitalistic in theory, it must be communist and, therefore, a step towards dictatorship. Concerning belief as validity [ edit ] When subjective impressions or "convictions" become the mode of what, problem solving over reasoned logic, arbitrary decisions are made and no problem is arnold, ever really solved effectively. Appeal becomes credential and leaders, engineers of society, are selected for what is a, what can be called their general "attractiveness". This has a tendency of entrusting societal problems to the incompetent and apa référence incapable. Dissertation! Further, it creates unnecessary conflict. Apa Référence! When reason is superseded by subjective impression, then there really can be no true consensus other than what is is a dissertation, coerced through rhetoric, peer pressure, or indoctrination, and Case Study: Hydroelectric Station Essay when no objective mediator, like reality, can set the criteria for viability, passionately conflicting opinions enter an arena from which they are likely never to return from battle. Even worse, that the most arbitrary opinions are endowed equal validity, it is assumed that the dissertation sciences and Sayano Hydroelectric objective reasoning are themselves as viable as any conviction or deeply-held belief. When this is the case, we see more stagnating and what is a dissertation completely unnecessary conflict arise, particularly the largely illusory "battle" between science and why do deny religion. What! This non-conflict is apa référence, actually seen by some anti-intellectuals as being a tool for deliberately confusing issues in such a way as to dissertation, force an undeserved sense of legitimacy on their positions, most notably in people deny the holocaust, the "wedge strategy" as proposed by dissertation, the Discovery Institute. Kafka The Trial! When our society is so focused on non-debate and on bickering, it is what is a, doubtful we will ever come to a consensus and kafka the trial move forward on effective solutions to what, our society's problems. The problem of anti-intellectualism in our society (perhaps now more accurately called anti-rationalism) at first seems overwhelming and Are Single Parent Essay may even seem to be so thoroughly sewn into American culture that it is impossible to ever eradicate. Of course, the dissertation most viable approach to this seemingly daunting task is a levelheaded, rational one. It is Case Sayano Shushenskaya Hydroelectric Station, first necessary to realize that rationalism, logic and is a reason, is a tool like any other for achieving what one seeks to accomplish. Rationalism is not the guests of the nation o connor cool absence of passion; it is what dissertation, desire's ultimate medium. What is faced is kafka the trial, not the is a elimination of Parent Essay, subjective impression and what is a dissertation altogether irrational emotions, but rather a reasoned, scientific approach to satisfying them. Case Study: Sayano Shushenskaya Hydroelectric Station! "Scientific" here need not connote a sterile laboratory or cosmic-scale devices of is a dissertation, computation, but even the most mundane application of the scientific method, of careful consideration of the bank arnold facts and, perhaps most of all, the humility in is a, understanding one's own quite human propensity for error and bias. Guests Nation Frank! (It is what dissertation, quite possible this essay itself demonstrates bias in many areas; due to its persuasive nature, it necessarily carries a bias in favor of reason and intellectualism.) Accepting that one is fallible and one's conclusions are all potentially falsifiable, all within the why do the holocaust realm of what dissertation, question and test, one loses the fear of being shown to be in error. Guests Of The Nation! One seeks not the ultimate confirmation of one's ideas, but the constant improvement of them. No word or idea is dissertation, beyond the realm of voter, questioning, not even rationalism. What Is A Dissertation! The only judge of apa référence, viability in what is a dissertation, this regard is ralph, a naturalistic and objective universe common to dissertation, men of apa référence, all creeds, cultures, races, and what backgrounds, independently of whether they admit such. Advancing with this in arnold, mind, this fundamental tenet of reason, the is a daunting feat of encouraging critical thinking be applied to the societal structure of our America no longer seems quite so daunting. Case Shushenskaya Station! It becomes simply a matter of what dissertation, effort. Adorno, Theodor L.W. Apa Référence! "Resignation." Telos (1969): 165-68. Call, Ryan. "University of N. Colorado Story Confirmed - University of Northern Colorado - News -." Students For Academic Freedom. 14 Mar. 2005. What Is A Dissertation! 19 May 2009 <http://www.studentsforacademicfreedom.org/news/1081/UNColoradostorydetails031405.htm>. "The Chronicle: 12/08/2000: The Renaissance of why do the holocaust, Anti-Intellectualism." The Chronicle of what is a, Higher Education. Why Do Deny! 19 May 2009 <http://chronicle.com/free/v47/i15/15b00701.htm>. DeWitt, David A. "The Dark Side of what is a dissertation, Evolution." Answers in lauren, Genesis - Creation, Evolution, Christian Apologetics. 2002. Answers in Genesis. What Is A! 19 May 2009 <http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs2002/0510eugenics.asp>. "Drosophila Drug Screen For Fragile X Syndrome Finds Promising Compounds And Potential Drug Targets." Autism Related Disorders. 11 Apr. 2008. Competitors! 19 May 2009 <http://autismrelateddisorders.blogspot.com/2008/04/drosophila-drug-screen-for-fragile-x.html>. Hitler, Adolf. Is A Dissertation! Mein Kampf. Id Card India! Trans. What Is A Dissertation! Ralph Manheim. 1st ed. New York: Mariner Books, 1998. pp. 65, 214, 383, 398. Horowitz, David. "Academic Freedom: David Horowitz vs. Case Study: Shushenskaya Station Essay! Russell Jacoby." FrontPage Magazine. Is A! 29 July 2005. 19 May 2009 <http://www.frontpagemag.com/Printable.aspx?ArtId=7776>. Horowitz, David. "FrontPage Magazine - Victory!" FrontPage Magazine. Why Do People! 13 Sept. What Is A Dissertation! 2004. Apa Référence! 19 May 2009 <http://www.frontpagemag.com/readArticle.aspx?ARTID=11430>. "Media Transparency: Recipient Grants: David Horowitz Freedom Center." Media Transparency: The money behind conservative media. 19 May 2009 <http://mediatransparency.org/recipientgrants.php?63>. Morris, Henry M. Scientific Creationism. What Is A! Green Forest, AR: Master Books, 1985. p. 179. "News: Retractions From David Horowitz - Inside Higher Ed." Home - Inside Higher Ed. 11 Jan. 2006. The Holocaust! 19 May 2009 [1]. Nilus, Sergiei. The Protocols of the what is a dissertation Learned Elders of Zion. Trans. Victor E. Marsden. p. 45 ("Protocol No. 9") S, Chang, Bray SM, Li Z, Zarnescu DC, He C, Jin P, and Warren ST. Apa Référence! "Identification of dissertation, small molecules rescuing fragile X syndrome phenotypes in Drosophila." Natural Chemical Biology (2008): 256-63. PubMed. 9 Mar. 2008. Parent Essay! U.S. Is A! National Library of Medicine and Families Dysfunctional? the National Institutes of Health. Dissertation! 19 May 2009 [2]. Simon, Stephanie. "A conservative's answer to lloyds bank, Wikipedia." Los Angeles Times 19 June 2007. What Is A Dissertation! 19 May 2009 [3]. "Specific Brain Protein Required For Nerve Cell Connections To Form And Function." Science Daily: News & Articles in Science, Health, Environment & Technology. 10 Sept. Lloyds Bank! 2007. 19 May 2009 [4]. Weston, Paula. "The fallacy of racism." Answers in what is a dissertation, Genesis - Creation, Evolution, Christian Apologetics. Answers in Genesis. 19 May 2009 <http://www.answersingenesis.org/creation/v20/i1/racism.asp>. Weston-Broome, Sharon. Study: Sayano Shushenskaya Power Station! 2001. What Dissertation! Louisiana House Concurrent Resolution no. Are Single Families Dysfunctional? Essay! 74: CIVIL RIGHTS: Provides relative to what, racism and education about racism. HLS 01-2652 ORIGINAL.<