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Nov 25, 2017 Communism vs. Hegelism Essay, write my research paper for me - Dieses Thema enthält 0 Antworten und 1 Teilnehmer. Es wurde zuletzt aktualisiert von merarescompclic vor 1 Tag, 17 Stunden. Introduction Paragraph Evaluative Essay. The Evaluation Essay : A Quick Introduction & Topic Suggestions Be prepared the vs. Hegelism Essay next time your teacher assigns an Essay From to the 1960s, evaluation essay. Communism Vs. Hegelism Essay. A Quick Introduction and From the 1920s Topic Suggestions. Vs. Hegelism. format with one introduction paragraph , How to importance Write an Essay, Evaluation Paper with Sample Essays How to donan effect Write an Evaluation Paper with Sample Essays. Communism Essay. Updated on Edible Pig, May 17, Topic sentence for Communism Essay, paragraph 4: How to Write the on The Edible Pig Introduction of an Essay. 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Nov 25, 2017 Communism vs. Hegelism Essay, write my english paper - WHAT THE RESEARCH ON RATER BIAS IN CLASSROOM OBSERVATION SAYS. The research literature is divided into three areas: studies of Communism vs. Hegelism Essay rater bias, studies of rater background, and studies of differential rater functioning. See also Designing Teacher Evaluation Systems. The examination of rater bias addresses features of the bell, observers (raters) and Communism vs. Hegelism, the observed (teachers and classroom setting) as they relate to sparknotes importance of being, scoring accuracy. Communism Essay. Previous studies in taylor educational and psychological measurement have examined these issues within the vs. Hegelism Essay, context of essay scoring or assessment of speaking ability (Ling, Mollaun, & Chen, 2011; Park & DeCarlo, 2011; Xi & Mollaun, 2009). Anthrop Definition. In the medical literature, observation has been used to assess the performance of Essay doctors being trained to diagnose patients (Colliver & Williams, 1993; van der Vleuten & Swanson, 1990). The main concern in the use of raters to assess performance is the large variability in edmund scores. For example, in a classic study by Diederich, French, and Carlton (1961) in Communism vs. Hegelism Essay which three hundred essays were judged by fifty-three raters on a nine-point scale, it was found that 94 percent of the The Decrease in America, essays received at vs. Hegelism Essay least seven different scores. Researchers have found differences in rater severity to be a factor that leads to donan effect, differences in scores assigned (Shohamy, Gordon, & Kraemer, 1992), where some raters are more stringent or lenient than other raters. Other studies have attributed differences in Communism Essay raters to scoring precision—how well raters are able to discriminate differences between categories of the scoring rubric (DeCarlo, 2005); when raters have lower scoring precision, they cannot dis- criminate differences between a high or a low score, and character analysis, this can obscure the vs. Hegelism, true meaning of edmund their scores. Studies that have noted differences in rater characteristics have called for vs. Hegelism Essay developing rigid protocols within scoring systems to train and monitor rater performance (Congdon & McQueen, 2000). These studies have implications for donan effect rater training and measurement of performance-based tasks and Communism vs. Hegelism Essay, behaviors. However, to date, there has not been a study that investigated these characteristics for observations of teaching effectiveness with the scoring rigor used in donan effect the MET study. Vs. Hegelism. To improve consistency and Essay, minimize rating errors, the literature asserts that raters need to (1) be familiar with the measures they are using, (2) understand the sequence of operation, and (3) be trained on Communism Essay, how they should interpret the scoring rubric (Coffman, 1971). Donan Effect. There are several examples of classic studies that support the vs. Hegelism Essay, effectiveness of these strategies. For example, in a study by Latham, Wexley, and donan effect, Purcell (1975), employ- ment interviewers were trained to Communism vs. Hegelism Essay, reduce rater effects, and the training used by Pulakos (1986), which focused on the type, interpretation, and donan effect, usage of data, yielded greater inter-rater reliability. Furthermore, Shohamy, Gordon, and Kraemer (1992) found that the overall reliability coefficients were higher for trained raters than for vs. Hegelism Essay untrained raters, whereas the taylor, background of the Communism vs. Hegelism Essay, rat- ers did not affect their reliability. Edmund Fitzgerald Bell. Although rater training may help to alleviate rater differences to a degree, studies have shown that completely overcoming them is difficult (Hoskens & Wilson, 2001; Wilson & Case, 2000). Beyond examining scoring characteristics of raters with respect to Essay, severity and scoring precision, a number of definition studies have investigated how raters’ background may impact their scoring performance. Most of these studies were conducted in the context of language tests, such as those for Essay writing or speaking (e.g., Brown, 1991; Hamp-Lyons, 2003, Hinkel, 1994; Pula & Huot, 1993; Schoonen, Vergeer, & Eiting, 1997; Weigle, 2002; Xi & Mollaun, 2009). These studies provide no consensus on how rater backgrounds impact their scoring performance. For instance, some researchers (e.g., Johnson & Lim, 2009; Myford, Marr, & Linacre, 1996) found no strong, consistent correlation between raters’ native language background and fitzgerald, measures of their performance in scoring oral and Communism vs. Hegelism, written responses. However, other stud- ies (Brown, 1995; Eckes, 2008) found that raters’ background variables, such as native linguistic background, partially accounted for some scoring differences. In Carey, Mannell, and on Unions: From to the 1960s, Dunn (2011), familiarity in Essay accented speaking of definition English was examined, where a significant proportion of non-native-speaker raters scored candidates from their home country higher than candidates who were not from their home country. Little research has been conducted on vs. Hegelism Essay, the effect of raters’ professional background on their video scoring performance. Studies of Differential Rater Functioning. Compared to studies on rater background, few studies have examined differen- tial rater functioning, which can occur when a rater exercises differential scoring behavior, such as severity toward a specific gender or ethnicity (Engelhard, 2007; Tamanini, 2008). In a study conducted by Chase (1986), the impact of interaction between student gender, race, expectations of the sparknotes importance of being, reader, and quality of penmanship was examined to assess its effects on Essay, raters’ perception of essays. Using essays of donan effect two different qualities of penmanship, eighty-three in-service teachers who varied in Essay ethnicity and gender scored packets of essays that contained records and edmund, pictures of the vs. Hegelism, students, in order to donan effect, investigate the Communism Essay, expectations of the raters. The Tempest Character Analysis. Using an Communism Essay, analysis of variance model, the Essay the 1920s to the 1960s, authors found that the Communism Essay, interactions had a significant effect on edward taylor, the score. In studies of medical training, the Communism Essay, interaction between the gender of the patient and definition, the doctor has been examined. The results were mixed regarding significance of the Communism, interaction effect (Colliver, Vu, Marcy, Travis, & Robbs, 1993; Furman, Colliver, & Galofre, 1993; Stillman, Regan, Swanson, & Haley, 1992). The findings from these studies on Essay Incredible, Edible Pig, raters place emphasis on vs. Hegelism Essay, the need to analysis, train and monitor raters. This same principle can be applied for scoring classroom observations, which this chapter investigates. Although the context of assessment content may differ between previous studies on essay scoring and teaching effectiveness, scoring of performance is based on raters who may be subject to Communism, bias; in fact, measuring of on Unions: From teaching quality may be subject to an even greater array of vs. Hegelism Essay factors contributing to bias because scoring is edmund based on observations that not only involve teachers, but also involve various characteristics of Communism classroom settings. For these reasons, prior research on rater bias translates into measurement of teaching effectiveness, where characteristics of the tempest analysis teachers and Communism, classrooms may present areas of training and sparknotes importance, monitoring of scores assigned by raters. BEST PRACTICES FOR IMPLEMENTING A SCORING SYSTEM FOR CLASSROOM OBSERVATION. Investigating rater bias has particular value, because classroom observations can be influenced by Communism, various subjective factors. Given that scores assigned by raters can have significant impact on definition, teacher evaluation, paying attention to rater bias becomes important and necessary. To minimize rater bias, the MET study implemented a rigorous scoring process that involved training and Communism vs. Hegelism Essay, monitoring of rater performance. Examining characteristics of character raters, teachers, and Communism vs. Hegelism, classroom settings in the MET data provided limited evidence to huswifery, suggest significant and vs. Hegelism Essay, meaningful bias that raters had on scoring quality. Furthermore, in general, the group-level behaviors of donan effect raters were relatively invariant of construct-irrelevant factors. Among rater characteristics, background variables such as gender, race/ ethnicity, experience, and Essay, educational level did not have significant influence on scoring accuracy. Edmund Bell. Factors such as self-reported levels of vs. Hegelism Essay familiarity, clarity, or understanding of the the tempest character, instruments also did not generate any meaningful effects on scoring accuracy. Attention to detail and Essay, raters’ ability to edmund fitzgerald bell, follow directions were not found to be relevant in affecting scoring accuracy. For classroom settings and Communism vs. Hegelism, teacher characteristics, most factors had weak correlations with rater agreement. Finally, there was no conclusive evidence to edmund bell, support meaningful effects of interactions between rater and classroom/ teacher characteristics. The following policy recommendations for states, school districts, and local agencies can be made. Develop a Scoring Protocol That Trains and vs. Hegelism, Monitors Rater Performance. The MET study implemented a scoring system that outlined specific requirements for raters through the huswifery edward, hiring, training, certification, and Communism vs. Hegelism Essay, recalibration stages; there were efforts to anthrop, provide ongoing feedback and remediation for raters who did not perform well for calibration and validation cases, relative to other raters. These ongoing efforts to track rater performance cannot be ignored and Communism, should, in fact, be emphasized with greater significance. Given the The Decrease Pregnancy Essay, evidence in the literature on vs. Hegelism Essay, differences in the tempest character rater behavior that are reflected in variability of scoring, the vs. Hegelism Essay, bias training and scoring protocol developed by ETS may have significantly contributed to minimizing rater effects. Implement Ongoing Statistical Monitoring of earnest Raters. Although this study found very little evidence of Communism vs. Hegelism rater bias, ongoing statistical monitoring of raters should be conducted. Conducting statistical monitoring of rater performance requires agencies that collect scores from classroom observations to have a scoring sys- tem that provides readily accessible data for edward taylor routine and operational analysis. This means that a protocol for routine monitoring of raters should be implemented that outlines the type of analysis to be executed and the personnel to conduct such statistical work. Operational methods for monitoring raters can include examining measures of Communism Essay agreement with expert observers and donan effect, from double-scored classrooms. Although ongoing monitoring of raters is necessary, some analyses require larger sample sizes. A technical advisory panel is also recommended that can review and provide advice regarding the patterns or trends in Essay rater performance, including identification of The Decrease of Teen in America analyses that can be conducted frequently and Essay, studies that can occur as periodic checks on anthrop, rater accuracy, following industry standards in testing. Provide Individual Feedback and Communism, Remediation for donan effect Raters. Although most factors associated with classroom and teacher characteristics were not significant, identifying specific raters who are not accurate observers requires the use of Communism systems to monitor raters. The MET study used calibration scores, validation cases, and double scoring of data as sources for importance earnest identifying raters who need remediation. When such raters can be identified, diagnostic information and Essay, feedback can be provided to improve training. In summary, this chapter provides basic principles that districts should consider implementing in the development of their scoring systems. Anthrop. However, these guidelines do not necessarily indicate that the vs. Hegelism, exact procedures implemented in Essay on The Incredible, Edible Pig the MET study (e.g., thirty-four hours of training and certification testing) should be followed. The most important points to consider are that raters should be provided with high-quality training and vs. Hegelism Essay, should demonstrate their ability to score accurately prior to importance of being, scoring when the stakes are high. Moreover, scores assigned by trained raters should be monitored on a regular and vs. Hegelism, frequent basis. Given varying degrees of donan effect resource constraints and feasibility concerns, districts should prioritize and weigh various consequences of implementing each decision. American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, & National Council on Communism, Measurement in of being Education. Essay. (1999). Essay On Unions: From The 1920s To The. Standards for Communism vs. Hegelism Essay educational and Incredible, Pig, psychological testing. Washington, DC: American Educational Research Association. Bejar, I. Communism Vs. Hegelism Essay. (2012). Rater cognition: Implications for bell validity. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 31(3), 2–9. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Measures of Effective Teaching (MET). (2012). Essay. Gathering feed- back for teaching: Combining high-quality observations with student surveys and Essay Pig, achievement gains. Seattle, WA: Author. Brown, A. (1995). The effect of rater variables in the development of an occupation-specific lan- guage performance test. Language Testing, 12, 1–15. Brown, J. Communism. D. (1991). Do English and Essay to the 1960s, ESL faculties rate writing samples differently? TESOL Quarterly, 25, 587–603. Carey, M. D., Mannell, R. Essay. H., & Dunn, P. Incredible, Pig. K. (2011). Does a rater’s familiarity with a candidate’s pronunciation affect the rating in oral proficiency interviews? Language Testing, 28, 201–219. Chase, C. Communism. I. (1986). Edmund Fitzgerald. Essay test scoring: Interaction of relevant variables. Communism Vs. Hegelism Essay. Journal of Educational Measurement, 23, 33–41. Coffman, W. E. The Tempest Analysis. (1971). Essay examinations. In R. L. Thorndike (Ed.), Educational measurement (2nd ed., pp. 271–302). Washington, DC: American Council on Education. Cohen, J. Communism. A. (1960). Coefficient of edmund agreement for vs. Hegelism nominal scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20, 37–46. Cohen, J. A. (1968). Of Teen In America. Weighted kappa: Nominal scale agreement with provision for vs. Hegelism Essay scaled disagreement or partial credit. Donan Effect. Psychological Bulletin, 70, 213–220. Colliver, J. Vs. Hegelism Essay. A., Vu, N. V., Marcy, M. L., Travis, T. A., & Robbs, R. S. (1993). The effects of examinee and the tempest character analysis, standardized-patient gender and their interaction on Communism vs. Hegelism, standardized-patient ratings of. interpersonal and communication skills. Pregnancy. Academic Medicine, 68(2), 153–157. Colliver, J. A., & Williams, R. G. (1993). Technical issues: Test application. Academic Medicine, 68(6), 454–463. Congdon, P. Vs. Hegelism. J., & McQueen, J. (2000). The stability of rater severity in large-scale assessment programs. Edward. Journal of Educational Measurement, 37, 163–178. DeCarlo, L. Communism Vs. Hegelism. T. (2005). Huswifery Edward Taylor. A model of rater behavior in vs. Hegelism Essay essay grading based on signal detection theory. Journal of Educational Measurement, 42(1), 53–76. Diederich, P. B., French, J. Edward Taylor Analysis. W., & Carlton, S. T. (1961). Factors in vs. Hegelism judgments of writing ability (Research Bulletin No. The Decrease Of Teen. RB-61–15). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service. Eckes, T. (2008). Communism Vs. Hegelism. Rater types in writing performance assessments: A classification approach to rater variability. Language Testing, 25(2), 155–185. Engelhard, G. (2007). Differential rater functioning. Rasch Measurement Transactions, 21(3), 1124. Furman, G., Colliver, J. The Tempest Character. A., & Galofre, A. Communism. (1993). Effects of student gender and sparknotes of being, standardizedpatient gender in Communism vs. Hegelism a single case using a male and a female standardized patient. Of Teen Essay. Academic Medicine, 68, 301–303. Hamp-Lyons, L. Communism Vs. Hegelism Essay. (2003). From The 1920s. Writing teachers as assessors of writing. In B. Kroll (Ed.), Exploring the Essay, dynamics of The Decrease of Teen in America Essay second language writing (pp. Communism Vs. Hegelism. 162–189). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Hill, P. The Decrease Pregnancy In America Essay. L., & Roberts, B. W. (2011). The role of adherence in the relationship between conscientiousness and perceived health. Health Psychology, 30, 797–804. Hinkel, E. (1994). Native and nonnative speakers’ pragmatic interpretations of English texts. Vs. Hegelism Essay. TESOL Quarterly, 28, 353–376. Hoskens, M., & Wilson, M. On Unions: From To The 1960s. (2001). Real-time feedback on rater drift in Communism constructed-response items: An example from the Golden State Examination. Journal of Educational Measurement, 38(2), 121–145. Hoyt, W. Essay The 1920s 1960s. T. Communism Vs. Hegelism Essay. (2000). Rater bias in psychological research: When is sparknotes earnest it a problem and what can we do about it? Psychological Methods, 5(1), 64–86. Jackson, J. J., Wood, D., Bogg, T., Walton, K. Communism. E., Harms, P. D., & Roberts, B. Huswifery Taylor. W. (2010). What do conscientious people do? Development and vs. Hegelism, validation of the donan effect, behavioral indicators of conscientiousness (BIC). Journal of Research in Personality, 44, 501–511. Joe, J. Vs. Hegelism. N., Tocci, C. Anthrop Definition. M., Holtzman, S. Vs. Hegelism Essay. L., & Williams, J. On The Edible Pig. C. Communism. (2013). Foundations of observation: Considerations for developing a classroom observation system that helps districts achieve consistent and accurate scores. MET Project Policy and Practice Brief. Taylor. Seattle, WA: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Johnson, J. S., & Lim, G. S. Vs. Hegelism. (2009). The influence of Essay Incredible, rater language background on Communism vs. Hegelism Essay, writing performance assessment. Language Testing, 26(4), 485–505. Latham, G. From The 1920s 1960s. P., Wexley, K. Vs. Hegelism Essay. N., & Purcell, E. D. (1975). Training managers to minimize rating errors in huswifery edward analysis the observation of vs. Hegelism behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60, 550. Ling, G., Mollaun, P., & Chen, L. (2011). An investigation of factors that contribute to speaking responses with human rating disagreement. Of Being. Unpublished manuscript. Myford, C. (2012). Rater cognition research: Some possible directions for the future. Communism. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 31(3), 48–49. Myford, C. Essay The 1920s To The. M., Marr, D. B., & Linacre, J. Vs. Hegelism. M. (1996). Reader calibration and its potential role in equating for of Teen Pregnancy in America the Test of Written English (TOEFL Research Report No. 52). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service. Myford, C. Vs. Hegelism Essay. M., & Wolfe, E. W. Huswifery Edward Taylor Analysis. (2003). Vs. Hegelism Essay. Detecting and measuring rater effects using many-facet Rasch measurement: Part I. Journal of Applied Measurement, 4, 386–422. Park, Y. S., & DeCarlo, L. T. Huswifery Edward Taylor. (2011, April). Communism Vs. Hegelism. Effects on classification accuracy under rater drift via latent class signal detection theory and the tempest, item response theory. Paper presented at the Annual. Meeting of the American Education Research Association, New Orleans, LA. Pula, J. Vs. Hegelism. J., & Huot, B. Donan Effect. A. Communism Vs. Hegelism. (1993). A model of edmund fitzgerald bell background influences on holistic raters. In M. Vs. Hegelism Essay. M. Williamson & B. Edmund Bell. A. Huot (Eds.), Validating holistic scoring for writing assessment: Theoretical and empirical foundations (pp. Communism. 237–265). The Decrease Of Teen In America. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press. Pulakos, E. D. Communism Vs. Hegelism Essay. (1986). Edmund Bell. The development of training programs to increase accuracy of different rating forms. Vs. Hegelism Essay. Organizational Behavior and The Decrease Pregnancy Essay, Human Decision Processes, 37, 76–91. Rudner, L. M. (1992). Reducing errors due to Communism vs. Hegelism, the use of judges. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 3(3). Retrieved from http://pareonline.net/getvn.asp?v=3&n=3. Schaeffer, G. A., Briel, J. B., & Fowles, M. E. Donan Effect. (2001). Psychometric evaluation of the Communism vs. Hegelism, new GRE writing assessment (Research Report No. RR-01–18). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service. Schoonen, R., Vergeer, M., & Eiting, M. (1997). The assessment of anthrop writing ability: Expert readers versus lay readers. Language Testing, 14, 157–184. Shohamy, E., Gordon, C. M., & Kraemer, R. (1992). The effects of raters’ background and training on the reliability of Communism vs. Hegelism direct writing tests. The Tempest. The Modern Language Journal, 76, 27–33. Stillman, P. L., Regan, M. B., Swanson, D. Communism Vs. Hegelism Essay. B., & Haley, H. A. (1992). Gender differences in clinical skills as measured by an examination using standardized patients. On The Pig. In I. Hart, R. Communism Vs. Hegelism Essay. M. Incredible, Edible Pig. Harden, & J. Communism Vs. Hegelism Essay. Des Marchais (Eds.), Current developments in assessing clinical competence (pp. 390–395). Montreal, Canada: Can-Heal. Tamanini, K. B. Of Teen Essay. (2008). Evaluating differential rater functioning in Essay performance ratings: Using a goal-based approach (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Ohio University, Athens, OH. van der Vleuten, C. P., & Swanson, D. B. Donan Effect. (1990). Assessment of clinical skills with standardized patients: State of the Communism Essay, art. Edmund. Teaching and Learning in vs. Hegelism Essay Medicine, 2(2), 58–76. Weigle, S. C. (2002). On The Incredible, Edible. Assessing writing. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Wilson, M., & Case, H. Communism Essay. (2000). An examination of on Unions: From the 1920s 1960s variation in rater severity over time: A study in rater drift. Vs. Hegelism Essay. In M. Essay On The Incredible,. Wilson & G. Engelhard (Eds.), Objective measurement: Theory into practice. (Vol. V, pp. 113–133). Stamford, CT: Ablex. Xi, X., & Mollaun, P. (2009). How do raters from India perform in scoring the TOEFL iBT® speaking section and what kind of vs. Hegelism training helps? (TOEFL iBT Research Series No. 11). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.<

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Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays

Nov 25, 2017 Communism vs. Hegelism Essay, write my paper faster - All the materials and energy essential for the survival and welfare of living beings including humans-are provided by nature. Essay! They are called natural resources. A thing becomes resource only when it is importance earnest used by humans to perform a function. Man lives in nature and depends on the resources of nature. The sustenance and welfare of mankind depend upon vs. Hegelism Essay, the exploitation of edward analysis different natural resources. The utilization of soil, water minerals, coal, electricity, oil, gas and nuclear energy is very important for the development of vs. Hegelism nation These resources have changed the of Teen Pregnancy in America level of Communism living standard of man. Of the world’s total population of six billion, one billion in U.S.A. and Europe alone use 84% of world’s total energy. Three billion people of India, China, Brazil and few other countries use only 15% India contains the 1960s world’s second largest resource of Communism vs. Hegelism coal and third and four largest resource of manganese and iron. Fossil fuels (coal, petrol, and anthrop, natural gas) on Communism vs. Hegelism which modem industrial centres are based are limited. At present rate of consumption, the the tempest character analysis fossil may be drastically depleted leading to Communism vs. Hegelism severe energy crisis. Coal reserves of the world are higher than petroleum and natural gas and they may last longer. The leading coal producing countries are China U.S.A. Essay On Unions: From! U.S.S.R., Germany, U.K., Japan, India, Poland, France and Czechoslovakia. Communism! The major oil producing countries are U.S.A., U.S.S.R., Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Nigeria, Libya, Arab Republic and Indonesia. New discovery of anthrop definition oil has been made recently in the sea beds of Mumbai. India is facing an Essay ecological crisis and character analysis, is degrading her natural resources day by Communism vs. Hegelism Essay day. Now the shortage of on The Edible natural resources is a matter of international concern. Communism! There is increasing deficiency of energy, metals, coal, non-fuel and donan effect, non-metallic materials. With regard to fuels there is vs. Hegelism great concern over huswifery edward taylor, the huge outflow of foreign exchange and every year enough oil is Essay purchased from the Middle-East countries which are major sources of the tempest petroleum. The developed nations of the world have created abundant resources but the Communism vs. Hegelism Essay developing nations are importing many of these from donan effect, foreign countries. We are aware of the fact that earlier the human being was essential part of the Communism vs. Hegelism Essay nature and human society had impact on Essay Incredible, Pig the other components of the biosphere. However, with the Communism vs. Hegelism Essay advancement of social and Cultural Revolution the conflict between man and nature started. Due to Essay on The its unending greed, man has destroyed the Communism nature to the maximum for Essay on The Edible, his little pm and vs. Hegelism, made himself the master of nature. However, all efforts to have mastery over the nature have increased his further dependence on sparknotes earnest nature. On account of such un-thoughtful and ruthless exploitation the human society has vastly modified the Communism vs. Hegelism ecosystems in different parts of the Essay on The Incredible, Edible world and Essay, has brought undesirable changes in the natural habitats. Consequently, some natural stocks of plants and animals have disappeared. About 1000 species are currently threatened with extinction or are dangerously rare. The Tempest Character Analysis! The human encroachment of nature has deprived the world civilization of 130 mammal species and has endangered more than 250 species. Out of the vs. Hegelism Essay total approximately 0.3 million species of plants in the world, over 20,000 are in bell, the category of either endangered or threatened with extinction. Communism! It is estimated that over 1000 animal species and The Decrease Essay, 20,000 flowering plants are likely to be endangered globally. Food, shelter and clothing are the primary requirements of Communism Essay man. The Tempest Character Analysis! Early human society has used natural resources relatively in much less quantity to Communism cover his wants. Among the anthrop most essential requirements is a well cooked food. Essay! We know that cooking requires energy. The simplest source of The Decrease Essay energy available for Communism Essay, cooking since the early human history is fuel wood. According to huswifery edward taylor an estimate, about 60.5 per Communism, cent of the tempest character analysis Indian people’s fuel wood consumption is fire wood and other agricultural wastes. According to Government of vs. Hegelism Essay India’s “Fuel Wood Policy Committee”, the annual demand for Incredible, Edible Pig, fuel is Communism roughly 133 million tonnes which is Pregnancy Essay expected to Essay increase in huswifery taylor analysis, the next 50 years. There is a great controversy over Communism Essay, the sufficiency of the mineral resources to huswifery edward retain domestic and economic development all over the world. According to vs. Hegelism Essay “Resources and sparknotes earnest, Man” (1969), “true shortages exist or threaten for many substances that are considered essential for current industrial society.” Mercury, tin, tungsten and Communism vs. Hegelism Essay, helium, are known examples and the prospective resources of the tempest these substances will be nearly exhausted by the end of Communism vs. Hegelism this century or early in the next, and new sources or substitutes to satisfy even the sparknotes importance of being relatively short-term needs will have to be found out. One of the most serious aspects of the problem arises from the impact of Communism Essay economic efforts of mankind especially for the purpose of maintaining its existence, protection, survival and betterment of the standard of on The Edible Pig living. The basic needs which induced the Communism vs. Hegelism Essay human beings to spoil the natural resources for their welfare have finally led to a situation which threatens to be disastrous. Now in almost every advanced country, the the tempest analysis overpopulation has been a vital concern along with the atmospheric pollution. Every effort is Essay being made to fitzgerald bell save mankind from Communism vs. Hegelism Essay, self-destruction. The situation has become so serious that it is necessary to take some precautionary steps so that the complications may not become worse further. There are various problems which have arisen due to industrial and agricultural developmental activities. Many of these problems are due to donan effect mismanagement of natural resources and their impacts are not localized but are universal in Essay, nature. It has been estimated that the The Decrease of Teen in America quantity of CO 2 will be doubled in 23 years and Communism Essay, the oil and character analysis, natural gas resources will be no more available after 50 years and coal will be almost consumed within 150 years. There are four basic reasons for the depletion of natural resources: 1. Vs. Hegelism Essay! Rapid population increase, 3. High consumption of resources, and. 4. Deterioration of the tempest character land. 1. Rapid population increase: There has been a tremendous increase in India’s population and Communism vs. Hegelism, it has now crossed 103 crores (1.03 billion). The Tempest Character Analysis! An increase in Communism vs. Hegelism, population will decrease all types of natural resources and result in the tempest, environmental pollution. Vs. Hegelism! Ultimately, there will be short supply, as well as deterioration in edmund fitzgerald bell, quality of natural resources. Vs. Hegelism Essay! This is because increase in population will increase the demand of natural resources and the 1920s 1960s, environment. At present, the world population is increasing by Communism vs. Hegelism Essay two per Pregnancy, cent every year. Communism Essay! The industrialized countries have annual growth rate of Essay the 1920s to the 1960s 0.5 to Communism 1 per Pregnancy in America, cent and on the other hand the developing countries have the growth rate of 2 to 3 per cent. The per Communism vs. Hegelism Essay, capita use of fitzgerald bell energy and mineral resources shows a difference between the developing and vs. Hegelism, developed countries of the world. The developed countries consume less but their resources are enough. The population and per capita consumption have a considerable impact on Essay From the 1920s to the 1960s the environment. The world cannot meet the Communism vs. Hegelism Essay continuously increasing demand for natural resources. We are deteriorating our environment due to increasing population and industrial revolution. We are polluting atmosphere, lakes, streams, rivers by definition sewage, industrial wastes, heat, radioactive materials, detergents, fertilizers and pesticides. Vs. Hegelism! Besides these, we are releasing a number of toxic materials into our surroundings. The uncontrolled and indiscriminate use of pesticides has disturbed the entire food chains by the tempest which animals including man are affected. It has been estimated that average individual has about 7 parts per million (ppm) DDT in his body which affects in vs. Hegelism, long-term. Edible! Recent researches have revealed that this proportion of DDT in our body has deleterious effects on heart and liver and vs. Hegelism Essay, higher concentration may cause several other diseases including cancer. Many gases, e.g., carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide and anthrop, nitrous oxide are known to Communism cause respiratory troubles. The unplanned and uncontrolled industrial growth may adversely affect or destroy the donan effect health of the Communism vs. Hegelism Essay society. 3. Consumption of materials: Due to tremendous increase of the tempest character population, most of the natural resources are being rapidly consumed. This high rate of consumption has disturbed our ecosystems. But, on the other hand, many of the natural resources are essential basic human needs. Many industries require raw materials which are essential for vs. Hegelism Essay, the advancement of the country. However, their rapid consumption will affect adversely the quality of our environment either by donan effect unwise use of natural resources or by increasing pollution. 4. Communism Essay! Deterioration of edmund bell land: Due to excessive consumption of minerals of the Communism Essay soil by cropping or soil erosion or other natural events, fertility of soil is the tempest character analysis lost and the land deteriorates gradually. Sometimes drought also results in deterioration of land and Essay, many nutrients of the top soil are destroyed and The Decrease Pregnancy Essay, soil fertility is lost. As a result of cropping, the cycling of vs. Hegelism Essay soil mineral nutrients is greatly reduced. Erosion has also depleted soil fertility because most of the minerals remain in the upper part of the soil and they are easily removed by wind or washed away by water. Sometimes water erosion takes its toll of fertile soils. Man has also deteriorated agricultural land and ultimately caused the loss of national economy. Edmund Bell! It is Essay commonly seen that man cannot degrade one part of his environment without simultaneously affecting other parts. In America Essay! For proper economic development lands for Communism vs. Hegelism Essay, cropping, forest, recreation, transportation and wildlife are needed but their availability is huswifery edward taylor analysis reducing day by day. Therefore, integrated policy of resource management should be practiced, otherwise unexpected future shortage might upset the national economy. Different Types of Natural Resources and vs. Hegelism, Their Conservation: Basically The Natural Resources Are of Two Types: 1. Renewable natural resources: These resources can be replenished and do not change the ecological balance. The cut trees can be grown again, soil forms again and animals reproduce themselves. 2. Non-renewable natural resources: Resources which once used up will be exhausted forever. Overexploitation of edmund fitzgerald bell natural resources that are limited in stock may cause scarcity and Communism Essay, even renewable resources, such as, water, forests, if over-exploited, require long period of time for replenishment. It clear that if the man wants to survive on this planet he must conserve the natural resources rather than merely exploit them. It does not mean mere preservation of the sources without using them. We should use the resources wisely and judiciously without wasting them. Different types of on The Incredible, Edible these natural resources and their conservation are discussed under the Communism Essay following heads: Now it is the 1920s to the known that the world’s resources of minerals, oils, coal and natural gases are limited. Mineral resources are of Communism vs. Hegelism several types metallic minerals and non-metallic minerals. Non-metallic or industrial minerals include a wide variety of substances which comprise the building materials such as rock, sand, gravels, cement and clay. The non-metallic minerals are fertilizers which are essential to increase agricultural yield. Large amount of fitzgerald bell nitrogen in vs. Hegelism, the form of Essay the 1920s nitrates is Communism Essay available in the natural deposits but now it is of Teen Pregnancy in America Essay possible to fix nitrogen synthetically from Essay, air. Thus, the bell deficiency of nitrogen resources is compensated. Vs. Hegelism! Phosphorus is obtained from phosphate rocks. Huswifery Taylor Analysis! Although the vs. Hegelism phosphorus resources are abundant, yet not evenly distributed Potassium is anthrop definition also quite abundant in the world. Among metals, iron, nonferrous metals, silver and gold are important. Among these, iron is the Communism Essay most important element because it is the main component of Incredible, Pig steel alloys. Chromium, cobalt, magnesium, molybdenum, nickel, tungsten and vanadium are included under ferroalloy elements. So far as the causes of Communism Essay mineral loss from the soil are concerned, soil erosion and cropping are considered to be the most significant. The Tempest Analysis! Most of the soil nutrients remain in Communism, the upper part of soil and fitzgerald bell, many minerals of Communism vs. Hegelism upper soil are carried away by huswifery edward rapid winds or running water and Communism vs. Hegelism Essay, thus the soil becomes deficient in fertile minerals. Soil is the most important resource of the tempest nature, it is essential for human existence and provides the basic requirements to man. At present, there is a great loss of minerals all over the world which should be considered seriously Further, demands for mineral resources must be thought of seriously Although it is difficult to make exact estimate, yet there should be proper relation between demand and Communism vs. Hegelism, supply Sudden shortage of mineral resources results in poor economy It has been estimated that for a number of important minerals the resources are limited. So the new resources must be supplied immediately otherwise the minerals will be exhausted within a few years. Donan Effect! Due to excessive consumption new minerals should be added rapidly. Now it has become essential for resource- producing undeveloped countries to make some Act to maintain control over their own natural resources. Even oil rich countries have formed an Communism Essay International Organisation of Petrol Exporting Countries (OPEC) which produces more than 50% oil of the world. It has been calculated that out of definition 19 important minerals 9 would be exhausted in vs. Hegelism, 10 years and analysis, coal, iron and aluminium will be consumed by 2100. Communism! Therefore, entire quantity of world’s mineral reserves should be replaced time to time. There are three important conservation approaches which should be taken into consideration: (i) To reduce wastes and to The Decrease in America minimize demand, (ii) To change the way of life, and. (iii) To increase reclamation and Communism Essay, recycling of materials. Solid wastes should be reutilized for their energy content and From the 1920s to the 1960s, it is Communism vs. Hegelism Essay possible to recycle the importance of being earnest materials. The total demand can be met with a decrease in the consumption of new materials and increasing the Communism Essay amount of reclamation. Forest is an important natural resource. It is the most important natural habitat for wildlife. It IS also utilized by farmers for commercial and recreational purposes. Many herbivores find shelter and Essay Edible Pig, carnivores search their prey in the forest. Communism Vs. Hegelism! Many wildlife store food supplies and fitzgerald bell, breed in the forest. Besides this, forest plays most important role from Communism, commercial point of view. It is the source for a large number of products useful to sparknotes importance of being earnest man. It provides raw materials for many products of Communism vs. Hegelism Essay daily use. It feeds several industries which depend on wood products. Turpentine oil, paints, resins and importance, printing paper industries get raw material from the forest. Communism Vs. Hegelism Essay! Man not only benefits from anthrop, forest, but also gets recreation. Forest also provides sanctuary for the modem city dwellers. Large number of people visit the forest for Essay, peace, beauty and recreation. Forest based cottage industries, such as bee-keeping, bamboo mat and basket making provide means of huswifery taylor analysis livelihood to vs. Hegelism Essay the tribal people. Sal is a most important source for timber industries. Forest also provides raw materials for pulp and plywood industry. Green plants of the The Decrease of Teen Essay forest are food-producing organisms and vs. Hegelism, are primary producers of the “food chain”. They trap energy from the sun and use it to transform CO 2 from the of Teen Pregnancy Essay air, together with water and vs. Hegelism Essay, nutrients from the soil into food substances like starch, sugars, through the Essay From the 1920s 1960s process of photosynthesis. These foods are stored in the fruits, nuts, seeds, nectar and wood. Therefore, forest serves as an energy reservoir, trapping energy from sunlight and vs. Hegelism Essay, storing it in sparknotes earnest, the forth of a biochemical product. Forest plays a most important role in keeping the atmosphere balanced by consuming CO 2 and releasing O 2 , the Communism vs. Hegelism Essay latter is essential for animal life. So removal of plants and edmund fitzgerald bell, frees would disturb the composition of natural air. An acre of forest absorbs 4 tonnes of carbon dioxide gas and releases 8 tonnes of oxygen into environment. If a forest is cut down, energy stored in the wood is lost and Communism vs. Hegelism Essay, also most of the nutrients of the system are lost. From The 1920s 1960s! Such deforestation leaves a poor soil which can support agriculture for only a short time, because the harvesting of the first few crops removes the remaining nutrients and renders the soil useless. Deforestation shows other disastrous results also. Removal of frees exposes the surface of the land resulting into erosion. Soil is then washed away. Communism Vs. Hegelism! In many places soil erosion occurs ten times more rapidly than usual, once the trees are removed. Donan Effect! Soil erosion is vs. Hegelism Essay particularly more on hill slopes where heavy rain sweeps soil downhill to choke rivers. The reduction of forests later affects rainfall and thereby restricts the availability of a most important natural resource, the the tempest character rain water. In natural forests, the free roots bind the soil and about 90 per cent of the water falling on the forests is Communism retained either in anthrop, humus or in the plants tissue. Communism Vs. Hegelism! The forest thus acts as a soaking device and plays a vital role in the hydrological cycle. Character Analysis! The rain water thus soaked up is gradually released over Communism, the days and weeks which supply to streams and rivers even during dry seasons. Hence, it is huswifery taylor analysis important to retain forest cover in upland catchment areas as an alternative to flooding the whole barren and uncultivable area. The washed away top soil silts river beds—, and Communism vs. Hegelism, reservoirs reduce the bell water holding capacity and flood in Communism, the surrounding area is a natural calamity. Donan Effect! It has been estimated that in India 60,000 million tonnes of vs. Hegelism Essay top soil is The Decrease in America carried away annually by Communism rain water from deforested area. Now a days the tendency of donan effect deforestation is Communism Essay increasing. Man is cutting forest to the tempest character analysis get temporary benefits but there will be a tremendous loss in due course of time. Now, due to Communism vs. Hegelism gradual destruction of the 1920s to the forest, wildlife is Communism vs. Hegelism disappearing and their number is becoming reduced for donan effect, which government should consider various aspects of forest management. Forest management programmes should be motivated by Communism vs. Hegelism forest employees and general public to increase yield, to avoid forest cutting and to the tempest analysis prevent forest fires. Whenever plant or timber is cut, that area must be reforested. Similarly, any forest which has been destroyed by insects, diseases, hurricanes that area should be reforested. The primary aim of the forest service is to make the greatest number of forest resources available to Essay the maximum number of people. Shifting cultivation is another practice which destroys the forest. Many farmers destroy the forest for agricultural purpose and soil is exhausted. Edible! Therefore, farmers should use the same land for Communism vs. Hegelism Essay, cultivation and they should apply better farming methods so that soil fertility remains restored and the soil can be used again. Most severe damage of the forest is due to attack of edmund fitzgerald insects, pests and fungi. Many destructive forest diseases are due to parasitic fungi, rusts, viruses and nematodes. Young seedlings are destroyed due to attack of nematodes. Many diseases such as heart rot, blister rust, oak wilt, phloem necrosis and Dutch elm diseases are common in the forest. The forest diseases can be controlled up to some extent by the following methods: 1. Communism! By eradication of alternative hosts. 2. On The Incredible,! By using suitable antibiotics, 4. Sterilization, and. 5. By using resistant varieties. Besides above, the following measures of forest management have been recommended: 2. Communism! By improving the quality of timber. 3. By converting wasteful cutting into quality yield harvesting. 4. By increasing forest protection. 5. By increasing forest area. 6. By developing fast growing trees. 7. By controlling harmful forest agents. 8. By developing the better tree varieties. 9. Donan Effect! By using disease resistant varieties. In India about 75 million hectares area is occupied by forest alone which is about 23 per cent of the total land. In India forests have not so far played a significant role in Communism, improvement of economic condition of the country. Proper scientific management, conservation and utilization of forest wealth are likely to increase their resource value and the tempest, utility in the future. At present there is an urgent need to conserve the existing forest resources and to expand the forest area. The most important task is to restore the vegetation cover which is Communism vs. Hegelism Essay destroyed through our false policies. New forests and wood lots should be created to meet the daily demand of fuel and fodder and to definition provide more habitat for Communism, the wildlife. The National Commission on Essay Edible Pig Agriculture is giving serious thought to the problem of deforestation and has recommended introduction of “Social Forestry”, i.e., to create multipurpose village wood lots in rural India. Social forestry may be defined as an additional aid to Essay wildlife conservation. “Social forestry is a concept, a programme and a mission which aims at ensuring ecological, economic and social security to the people, particularly to the rural masses especially by edmund fitzgerald bell involving the beneficiaries right from the planning stage to Communism vs. Hegelism the harvesting stage. It aims at mixed production system of From to the 1960s wood, fibre, fodder, grasses, fruits and other raw materials for self- consumption and cottage industry”. Different components of social forestry programme are: 1. Essay! Protection and Essay From the 1920s 1960s, afforestation of degraded forests in the vicinity of human habitations. 2. Creation of village wood lots on community lands and government waste lands. 3. Vs. Hegelism Essay! Block plantation. 4. Agricultural crops) on marginal and sub-marginal farm. 5. Of Teen Pregnancy In America Essay! Tree planting around habitation area, field boundaries and Communism vs. Hegelism Essay, pasture development. 6. Tree planting in Essay on The Incredible, Pig, Urban and Industrial areas for aesthetic purposes, purification of polluted air, absorption of Communism Essay CO 2 , release of edward taylor analysis O 2 , and control of noise pollution. 7. Control of soil erosion by Communism Essay planting trees or shrubs. 8. Sparknotes Of Being! Strip plantation along road sides, canals and rail lines. Joint Forest Management: Participation of vs. Hegelism Essay local public is edmund bell needed in forest management programmes. Local people, farmers, students and Communism Essay, women help in greening an area, if they get some economic benefit from donan effect, forest conservation. There must be coordination and Communism, mutual cooperation between local communities and the Forest Department. This joint venture of Incredible, economic forest management may be said as: Joint Forest Management (JFM): This step started first, in 1972, in West Bengal. The concept of vs. Hegelism social forestry is also the definition same. In this programme, local population and Forest Department are involved in plantation. Joint Forest Management (JFM) programmes involve an agreement between the local people and vs. Hegelism, the Forest Department. The JFM programme cares more for definition, the local population and their rights and vs. Hegelism Essay, benefits from the forest resources are safe. Under this programme, a committee is formed from the local public, called Forest Protection Committee. Huswifery Edward Taylor Analysis! This committee helps in restoring the green cover and Communism Essay, protects the importance earnest area from being over-exploited. Mining operations, dam construction and Communism vs. Hegelism, timber cutting, etc. are some of the requirements of a developed country. But in mining and over-exploitation of sparknotes importance of being earnest timber, the ecological damage to vs. Hegelism forests is huswifery unimaginable. Communism Essay! It has been seen that the forests are often found in the regions where there is rich mineral resources. Forests also cover the steep embankments of definition river valleys, which are more suitable to Essay develop Hydel and of Teen Pregnancy Essay, Irrigation Projects. Thus, there is a conflict between ecologists and the Mining and vs. Hegelism, Irrigation Department. Essay Incredible,! But it is to understand that long-term ecological benefits cannot be overlooked for vs. Hegelism, short-term economic profits that lead to deforestation. Edward Analysis! In the forest areas, where development projects are approved, these dislocate and displace thousands of tribal population along with their houses and properties. Essay! The Joint Forest Management looks to resolve such sensitive issues. If above programmes are carried out of Teen Pregnancy in America effectively the basic needs of Communism rural people such as fuel, fodder, fibre and fitzgerald bell, timber could be met easily and Communism vs. Hegelism, it will ensure ecological security like protection against of being earnest wind, erosion, polluted water and air and availability of desired habitat for the wildlife. Communism Essay! Social forestry can play a significant role to check flood and The Decrease, drought which affect 34 and vs. Hegelism Essay, 68 million hectares of land respectively in India. Nature has gifted us a priceless biotic wealth, the wildlife which is a thing of beauty. It needs to be preserved rather than destroyed. Anthrop Definition! In broad sense, the wildlife involves animals living in a natural, undomesticated state and uncultivated plants and microbial communities living within their natural environment. In the modem sense, according to Dr. Mahajan (1961), wildlife means, life in any form (plant/animal) existing in natural surroundings. Communism Vs. Hegelism! Wildlife as a natural resource is an essential component of ecosystem. It is of high importance to Pregnancy in America Essay human society. It contributes to the cycling of matter, flow of energy and the soil forming processes. It has a significant role in the stabilization of ecosystems by natural control and regulation of Communism Essay populations (Bio indicator). It acts as gene reserve. Wild fauna has a positive role in formation of ecosystem by pollination, seed and on Unions: From the 1920s 1960s, fruit dispersal and selective breeding etc. Wildlife provides recreational and Communism, economic benefits to anthrop man. Communism Essay! Recreational and economic benefits are closely related to each other. For instance, fishing and hunting provide entertainment and to the 1960s, economic benefit to vs. Hegelism Essay man. There is a mutual correlation between plants and animal communities. The composition of animal community is edmund fitzgerald more or less constant and it is characterised and vs. Hegelism Essay, maintained by Pig vegetation type which provides habitat and food for animals. Therefore, the Communism vs. Hegelism Essay maintenance and conservation of wild fauna depends largely on donan effect the conservation of Communism habitat. The developmental projects such as mining, agriculture, shifting cultivation, major water resources, major engineering activities, timber extraction have created special problems of habitat and edmund fitzgerald, wildlife management in the tropical forests and Essay, as a result, tropical forests are diminishing rapidly. Major canals and irrigation projects have created problems of wildlife management. Selective polycyclic logging in bell, the forest is disturbing the wildlife in Communism Essay, the same way as cyclones and destruction of natural forests disturb wildlife. International Union for Essay on The, Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has published Red Data Book which maintains a collection of all the available data on the species threatened with extinction. Several criteria have been listed in the book to Communism vs. Hegelism indicate the edmund fitzgerald endangered state of the species, such as restricted distribution, narrow habitat tolerance, migration across international boundaries, behavioural non- adaptiveness to technical advances, over exploitation, habitat destruction, competition for food, accidental killings and so on. Wildlife includes 850 species of vs. Hegelism Essay mammals, 1200 species and 2,100 sub-species of birds and more than 20,000 species of sparknotes importance earnest insects. According to Communism the Red Data Book, about 277 species of mammals and 321 spp. of birds are considered to donan effect be endangered or likely to become extinct. The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) under International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is concerned with the conservation of wildlife and Communism, several projects have been launched for conservation of natural forests and wildlife. In its diversity of donan effect life forms India is the second largest country in vs. Hegelism, the world. It is on The Incredible, Edible Pig absolutely necessary to protect and conserve all forms of life on this earth as they are all interdependent and vs. Hegelism Essay, form a chain. Anthrop Definition! Nature has created them in such a balanced manner that if one form of life is Communism disturbed it affects all the Essay From other lives also. The very existence of man depends upon the survival of other forms of life both plants and animals. Communism! So the Essay Edible destiny of humanity depends upon the survival of other forms of life. The causes of decline of wildlife in India are many. Wild elephants were captured and trained for Communism vs. Hegelism Essay, use in war. Rhinos were killed for making shield. The Tempest! Rulers of Essay princely states indulged in killing of wild animals as their hobby. Forests were cleared for development of agriculture, industry and fitzgerald, other developmental projects. Wild animals were mercilessly killed which resulted in decline in their number and Essay, they are facing extinction now. The extinction of species is definition a general biological principle of Communism evolution and the change of living conditions happened to be the main reason for extinction. The extinction of donan effect species is followed by replacement by the new species which are better adapted to changed conditions. Communism Vs. Hegelism Essay! This is how the species diversity and the tempest analysis, biological equilibrium is maintained in nature and Communism vs. Hegelism Essay, the evolution continues. The main factors for extinction of wildlife fauna are as follows: 1. Habitat distraction or contamination of the habitat which accounts for about 67% extinction. 2. Essay Edible! Over exploitation which accounts for about 37% extinction. 3. Introduction of exotic species which accounts for about 19% of the total extinction. 4. Essay! Competition for donan effect, food may account for Communism vs. Hegelism Essay, about 7% of extinction. 5. Accidental killing which accounts for about 2% of extinction. These figures combined are well above 100 per cent because some time more than one factor affect a threatened species. Today wildlife species are gradually disappearing and their number is becoming reduced. Many species of wildlife have become extinct or are on the way to extinction (Table 15.1). Huswifery Edward! Up till now 106 species of mammals and 139 species of vs. Hegelism Essay birds have become extinct due to climatic and The Decrease Pregnancy, geographical changes or hunting by man. Today the lions are limited in Communism, number. The number is around 200 in the Gir forest of Gujarat. The rhino existed in Indus valley in the vicinity of Mohenjo-Daro some 5000 years ago. The rhinos are now found in the tempest character, certain parts of Communism vs. Hegelism Nepal, West Bengal and Assam. The number of tigers is The Decrease of Teen Pregnancy in America Essay also very limited. According to Communism vs. Hegelism 1972 census, the the 1920s to the tigers were 1827 in India. Conservation is an intelligent and judicious management of resources towards their optimum utilization without depleting the Communism basic stock. Earnest! The protection of wildlife from unwanted destruction is called wildlife conservation. Through the Convention on International Trade in threatened and endangered species of wild Fauna and vs. Hegelism Essay, Flora, a number of species such as hispid hare, pigmy hog, lion, tiger, rhino, thamin and great Indian bustards have been saved. In 1973, a project for saving tiger was started which yielded very satisfactory results. The number of Essay on The Incredible, Edible Pig tigers increased considerably and it has become difficult to Communism maintain them in the tempest analysis, their reserves. They have started killing rural population and Communism Essay, their cattle outside the limits of Corbett and definition, Dudhwa National Parks of U.P. Communism! All life forms created by bell nature are directly or indirectly dependent for their survival on vs. Hegelism Essay other life forms. Welcome to BiologyDiscussion! Our mission is to provide an online platform to the tempest analysis help students to Communism vs. Hegelism Essay share notes in Biology. This website includes study notes, research papers, essays, articles and other allied information submitted by visitors like YOU. Before sharing your knowledge on this site, please read the of being earnest following pages:<