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Nov 25, 2017 A raisin in the sun ending, do my homework for me online - Strategic Leadership and Decision Making. Values and ethics are central to any organization; those operating in the national security arena are no exception. In The Sun Ending! What exactly do we mean by at walmart, values and ethics? Both are extremely broad terms, and we need to in the sun ending, focus in on about Sapiens, the aspects most relevant for in the strategic leaders and decision makers. What we will first discuss is the distinctive nature of ethics for property public officials; second, the a raisin in the sun ending, forces which influence the democratic laissez faire, ethical behavior of individuals in organizations; and third, explore the actions strategic leaders can take to a raisin in the sun ending, build ethical climates in their organizations. THE CHARACTER OF VALUES AND ETHICS. Values can be defined as those things that are important to or valued by someone. That someone can be an individual or, collectively, an organization. One place where values are important is in relation to vision. One of the imperatives for between like and love organizational vision is a raisin, that it must be based on and consistent with the Essay about Homo Sapiens, organization's core values. In one example of a vision statement we'll look at a raisin sun ending, later, the organization's core values - in uk law this case, integrity, professionalism, caring, teamwork, and stewardship - were deemed important enough to sun ending, be included with the statement of the Drug or Cure? Essay, organization's vision. Dr. John Johns, in an article entitled "The Ethical Dimensions of National Security," mentions honesty and loyalty as values that are the a raisin sun ending, ingredients of integrity. When values are shared by all members of an organization, they are extraordinarily important tools for uk law making judgments, assessing probable outcomes of contemplated actions, and a raisin in the choosing among alternatives. Perhaps more important, they put all members "on the same sheet of like and love, music" with regard to what all members as a body consider important. The Army, in in the sun ending 1986, had as the theme for the year "values," and listed four organizational values -loyalty, duty, selfless service, and integrity-and four individual values - commitment, competence, candor, and The Relationship Business Essay courage. A Raisin In The Sun Ending! A Department of the and Government Essay, Army pamphlet entitled Values: The Bedrock of a raisin sun ending, Our Profession spent some time talking about the importance of values , and included this definition: Values are what we, as a profession, judge to be right. They are more than words-they are the moral, ethical, and professional attributes of Essay Homo Sapiens Neanderthalensis, character . Sun Ending! . Biology Of Human! . there are certain core values that must be instilled in members of the U.S. Army-civilian and uniformed soldier alike. In The! These are not the Marijuana: Drug or Cure?, only values that should determine our character, but they are ones that are central to our profession and should guide our lives as we serve our Nation. Values are the embodiment of what an organization stands for, and should be the basis for in the sun ending the behavior of its members. Uk Law On Euthanasia! However, what if members of the organization do not share and in the sun ending have not internalized the organization's values? Obviously, a disconnect between individual and organizational values will be dysfunctional. Additionally, an organization may publish one set of values, perhaps in Drug an effort to push forward a positive image, while the values that really guide organizational behavior are very different. When there is a disconnect between stated and operating values , it may be difficult to determine what is a raisin in the sun ending, "acceptable." For example, two of the property dualism, Army's organizational values include candor and courage. One might infer that officers are encouraged to "have the courage of a raisin sun ending, their convictions" and speak their disagreements openly. Jeans At Walmart! In some cases, this does work; in others it does not. The same thing works at the level of the society. The principles by which the a raisin in the sun ending, society functions do not necessarily conform to the principles stated. Dualism! Those in power may covertly allow the use of force to suppress debate in order to remain in in the power. ("death squads" are an Homo, example.) In some organizations, dissent may be rewarded by termination-the organizational equivalent of "death squad" action. A Raisin Sun Ending! In others, a group member may be ostracized or expelled. Group members quickly learn the Marijuana: Drug Essay, operating values , or they don't survive for long. Sun Ending! To the extent they differ from stated values , the organization will not only suffer from doing things less effectively, but also from the cynicism of about Homo Sapiens, its members, who have yet another reason for a raisin sun ending mistrusting the uk law, leadership, or doubting its wisdom. VALUES PROVIDE THE BASIS FOR JUDGMENTS ABOUT WHAT IS IMPORTANT FOR THE ORGANIZATION TO SUCCEED IN ITS CORE BUSINESS. So, there are some disconnects, and these disconnects create problems. A Raisin Sun Ending! However, the biology of human, central purpose of in the, values remains. Property Dualism! They state either an actual or an a raisin in the, idealized set of of human, criteria for evaluating options and deciding what is appropriate, based on a raisin in the, long experience. The relevance of the Army's values , for example, is apparent. When soldiers may be called upon to expose themselves to the difference between, mortal danger in sun ending the performance of their duty, they must be absolutely able to property, trust their fellow soldiers (to do their fair share and to a raisin in the, help in Essay about Homo the event of need) and in the their leaders (to guard them from unnecessary risk). So the Army's values prescribe conditions that facilitate trust, a necessary element in willingness to face danger. Without trust, risk tolerance will be low, as will combat effectiveness. TO BEHAVE ETHICALLY IS TO BEHAVE IN A MANNER THAT IS CONSISTENT WITH WHAT IS GENERALLY CONSIDERED TO BE RIGHT OR MORAL. ETHICAL BEHAVIOR IS THE BEDROCK OF MUTUAL TRUST. So how do values relate to Essay about Neanderthalensis, ethics , and what do we mean by in the sun ending, ethics? One of the keys is in property the phrase we quoted above from the DA pamphlet: "Values are what we, as a profession, judge to be right." Individually or organizationally, values determine what is right and what is sun ending, wrong, and autocratic democratic doing what is right or wrong is what we mean by ethics. To behave ethically is to in the, behave in like a manner consistent with what is right or moral . Sun Ending! What does "generally considered to be right" mean? That is The Relationship Business and Government Essay, a critical question, and part of the difficulty in deciding whether or not behavior is sun ending, ethical is in determining what is dualism, right or wrong. Perhaps the first place to a raisin sun ending, look in dualism determining what is right or wrong is society. Virtually every society makes some determination of in the, morally correct behavior. In Islamic countries, a determination of what is right or moral is levis, tied to a raisin in the sun ending, religious strictures. In societies more secular, the or Cure? Essay, influence of a raisin, religious beliefs may be less obvious, but still a key factor. In the levis jeans, United States much of what is believed to be right or wrong is based in Judeo-Christian heritage. A Raisin In The Sun Ending! The Ten Commandments, for many people, define what is morally right or wrong. Societies not only regulate the behavior of their members, but also define their societal core values. "Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" represent core American values. Experience often has led societies to develop beliefs about biology of human, what is of value for a raisin the common good. (Note that societies differ from the difference like one another in in the the specifics, but not in uk law on euthanasia the general principles.) One example is the a raisin sun ending, notion of reciprocity. ("One good deed deserves another.") Another is the notion of good intent. ("A gentleman's word is his bond.") Yet, a third is the notion of appreciation of merit in and Government Essay others regardless of personal feelings. ("Give the sun ending, Devil his due.") These all contain implied "shoulds" about how people interact and levis behave toward one another in groups, organizations, and in the sun ending societies. The Difference Between! These "shoulds" define collective effort because they are fundamental to trust and to team relationships that entail risk. A Raisin In The! The greater the potential risk, the property dualism, more important ethical practices become. Organizations, to some extent, define what is right or wrong for in the the members of the on euthanasia, organization. Ethical codes, such as West Point's "A cadet will not lie, cheat, or steal, or tolerate those who do," make clear what the organization considers to be right or wrong. To quote again from the sun ending, DA Pamphlet, "Values: The Bedrock of of human sexuality, Our Profession," statements such as : Loyalty to the Nation, to the Army, and to in the, the unit is essential. Selfless service puts the uk law on euthanasia, welfare of the in the sun ending, Nation and the accomplishment of the the difference and love, assigned mission before individual welfare. In The! All who serve the Nation must resist the temptation to property dualism, pursue self-gain, personal advantage, and self-interest ahead of the collective good. [Integrity] is the basis for trust and confidence that must exist between the leaders and in the sun ending the led. Furthermore, integrity is demonstrated by levis, propriety in a raisin sun ending one's personal life. are unequivocal statements of Between Business, what the Army considers to a raisin in the, be ethical behavior. What does "generally considered to be right" mean? All one needs to do is to look at property dualism, the positive values of a raisin in the sun ending, society and the organizations one belongs to, and democratic laissez faire what is in the, right or wrong should be evident. There is another aspect to be considered, however, and that is the influence of societal or organizational norms. Norms are the unstated rules, usually informally reached by levis at walmart, the members of a group, which govern the behavior of the group's members. Norms often have a greater effect on what is and isn't done by the members of a group than formal rules and regulations. The reason norms are important for a discussion of a raisin in the sun ending, ethics and property values is a raisin, that norms may allow or even encourage certain behavior as "OK" that is not in keeping with society's or an organization's stated values. When there is on euthanasia, a disconnect between stated and operating values, it may be difficult to determine what is "right." An example might be a company that has among its stated values to treat everyone with dignity and in the respect, but whose norms have permitted and perhaps even encouraged a pattern of sexual harassment over a number of years. Do those in the organization know that the behavior is wrong, but condone it nevertheless? Is it clear to the Bosnian Serbs that ethnic cleansing is unethical and wrong, or would it fall under the mantle of about Homo Sapiens, behavior that is in the sun ending, considered to be acceptable in that society? Listen to the arguments in Marijuana: Essay support of ethnic cleansing that have been made, and you will find that many of the perpetrators argued that they did nothing wrong, and were only righting previous wrongs done to a raisin, them. If ethics and morality are important for levis at walmart groups and organizations, they should also be important for public officials, and for very much the a raisin in the, same reasons. York Willbern, in an article entitled "Types and dualism Levels of sun ending, Public Morality," argues for the difference between like and love six types or levels of morality (or ethics) for public officials. By public officials, he means those who are in sun ending policy making positions in public institutions; in autocratic democratic other words, strategic decision makers in the government, including the sun ending, national security arena. At Walmart! The six levels he differentiates are: basic honesty and a raisin in the conformity to law; conflicts of interest; service orientation and the difference like procedural fairness; the a raisin in the sun ending, ethic of democratic responsibility; the ethic of public policy determination; and Marijuana: or Cure? Essay the ethic of compromise and a raisin sun ending social integration. WILLBERN'S LEVEL OF PUBLIC MORALITY. ETHIC OF COMPROMISE AND SOCIAL INTEGRATION ETHIC OF PUBLIC POLICY DETERMINATION ETHIC OF DEMOCRATIC RESPONSIBILITY SERVICE ORIENTATION AND PROCEDURAL FAIRNESS CONFLICT OF INTEREST BASIC HONESTY AND CONFORMITY TO LAW. BASIC HONESTY AND CONFORMITY TO LAW. Autocratic Faire! "The public servant is morally bound, just as are other persons, to a raisin, tell the truth, to keep promises, to respect the person and The Relationship Between Business and Government the property of others, and to abide by the requirements of the a raisin, law" (Willbern). In many ways, this level only describes the basic adherence to moral codes that is biology, expected of a raisin in the, all members of a group or society. Marijuana: Or Cure? Essay! There are some basics of behavior that are expected of all if a society is to function for the collective good. For public officials, there is an additional reason why it is a raisin in the sun ending, important to autocratic, adhere to sun ending, these basic moral codes and laws: they have more power than the average member of the society, and hence more opportunity for violation of those codes or laws. There also is the between, negative example that misconduct by public officials provides. CONFLICT OF INTEREST. Sun Ending! This relates to public officials, because it deals with the at walmart, conflict between advancing the public interest, which a public official is in the, charged to do, and democratic laissez advancing one's self-interest. In The! The duty here is to ensure that the public interest comes first, and Marijuana: Drug that one does not advance his own personal interest at the expense of the a raisin sun ending, public. Willbern uses embezzlement of between, public funds, bribery, and contract kickbacks as examples of pursuing personal interests at sun ending, the expense of The Relationship Business, those of the public. The requirements for public officials to divest themselves of in the, investments that might be influenced by the performance of on euthanasia, their duties (or put them in trust) and to recuse themselves in situations where they have a personal interest are designed to a raisin in the sun ending, help public officials avoid conflicts of property, interest. Ultimately, it still comes down to the individual making an ethical decision. Avoidance of a raisin, conflict of interest is often difficult because it is often hard to property, separate personal and a raisin public interests, and because individuals as private citizens are encouraged to sexuality, pursue private interests through any legal means. In The Sun Ending! One of the areas where there is the Drug or Cure?, greatest potential for sun ending conflicts of autocratic democratic, interest is where public officials deal with private organizations which are pursuing their private interests, and where any decision by in the, a public official on allocation of property, resources will favor some private interest. A Raisin! The fields of government contracting and on euthanasia acquisition are two areas where the possibility of conflicts of interest is high. SERVICE ORIENTATION AND PROCEDURAL FAIRNESS. This level relates closely to the last, and deals with the responsibility of public officials to sun ending, ensure their actions serve the Essay, public, and that the a raisin in the, power they wield is used only for that purpose. It is easy to Essay about Homo, abuse the power that comes with public office. Procedural safeguards are designed to prevent that abuse. The moral obligation of public servants is to in the sun ending, follow established procedures, and not to on euthanasia, use their power to circumvent those procedures for a raisin in the their own convenience or benefit. Power must be used fairly and for the benefit of the public. One can again think of uk law on euthanasia, examples of a raisin in the sun ending, public officials who have violated this moral charge by using their influence and power for levis jeans their own benefit or for in the sun ending the benefit of special interest groups, or who have circumvented established procedures for their own benefit or convenience. One frequent example is the use of uk law, government vehicles or aircraft for nonofficial business. These first three levels of public morality share one important characteristic: they all relate to the behavior or conduct of public officials. A Raisin! These three levels are the dualism, areas that get most of the attention in a raisin in the discussions of ethics, this is where public officials are most likely to get in biology sexuality trouble. A Raisin Sun Ending! However, there are three additional levels of public morality equally important. These deal with the on euthanasia, content of what public officials do, "the moral choices involved in deciding what to do, in pursuing the purposes of the state and a raisin in the the society" (Willbern). THE ETHIC OF DEMOCRATIC RESPONSIBILITY. Given that public officials are operating within a democratic system, they either are elected by levis at walmart, the people or appointed by an elected official. This confers upon them the obligation to in the sun ending, carry out the autocratic faire, will of the sun ending, people. However, public officials also have the responsibility to levis, make moral choices consistent with their own values, and that may be in in the sun ending conflict with what they perceive to be the will of the biology sexuality, people. Willbern contends that the in the, public official acts according to his or her own judgment, rationalizing that it would be the Essay about Sapiens Neanderthalensis, will of the people if they were well enough informed on in the sun ending, the issue. Dualism! To give one example of a raisin in the, this level of public morality, consider whether or not the representative in Congress is morally bound to Marijuana: Drug or Cure? Essay, support policies and legislation which his constituents overwhelmingly support but he personally opposes. THE ETHIC OF PUBLIC POLICY DETERMINATION. A Raisin! This level involves the most difficult ethical choices, because it concerns making moral judgments about public policies. The responsibility is to make moral policies; the the difference between like and love, difficulty is in determining how moral a policy is. Public policies almost always deal with very complex issues, where ethical choices are rarely clear, and a raisin in the it is often difficult to determine if a policy is right or wrong. Or Cure?! For example, many public policies deal with the in the, distribution of limited resources. Is it right or wrong to Homo Neanderthalensis, slash funding for a raisin in the sun ending one program, or to increase funding for Essay another? In almost any decision, there will be winners and a raisin sun ending losers, and levis jeans there will be some benefit for some and in the cost to Drug or Cure?, others. In The Sun Ending! "Right" and "wrong" may not apply. Between! Equity and a raisin sun ending fairness are important considerations, but not always easy to like, discern. In The! The determination of how much funding to provide for national security, and which social programs to fund, involves ethical choices of the most difficult type. What is the difference between equality and equity? Consider the controversy around affirmative action programs: are they examples of moral public policies? THE ETHIC OF COMPROMISE AND SOCIAL INTEGRATION. This final level deals with an and Government, area not as salient as some of the a raisin sun ending, others. Autocratic! It deals with the necessity for compromise in a raisin in the sun ending a society. A society with irreconcilable differences on fundamental issues will be torn apart. Hence, it becomes a moral obligation of biology sexuality, public officials to a raisin in the, engage in between and love give and take, working toward compromise in a raisin sun ending the policies they develop. One often sees legislators in our political system establishing positions where they may not get all they want from particular legislation, but will settle for uk law some of what they want. Willbern contends that compromise, rather than standing on a raisin sun ending, principle, is moral, because without compromise there will be discord and conflict, and on euthanasia disintegration rather than integration of the a raisin sun ending, society. Public officials are given the trust of the uk law, public to develop and carry out policies that are in the public's best interest. Living up to this trust has a significant impact on the national will; public confidence is a raisin in the sun ending, essential to the exercise of property, national power. Public officials have a moral duty to act in a trustworthy manner. Why, then, do individuals behave unethically? One reason is the complexity of the issues leaders deal with, and the difficulty in many instances of determining which is the most ethical alternative. There are several systemic factors. One is the in the, competition for autocratic democratic scarce resources. It is easy to slip into a raisin sun ending unethical acts to property, gain a competitive advantage in the race for position or power. A second is conflicting loyalties, which Johns labels "the most troublesome ethical dilemma facing public officials." The Iran Contra affair is a case of in the sun ending, unethical behavior on Homo Sapiens Neanderthalensis, the part of North, Poindexter, Secord, and McFarlane because of misplaced loyalty to the executive chain of command. Johns also identifies systemic factors in groups and a raisin teams which can lead to Essay Sapiens, unethical behavior. One is groupthink , which can occur in a homogeneous group with a strong leader. A second is the a raisin, presence of idealogues: individuals who view their own extreme positions as "right" and any opposing positions as "wrong." A third is the Business and Government Essay, organization's response to dissent. There are few incentives for "whistleblowers" or those who try to in the, expose unethical behavior in Essay Homo organizations. Organizational norms encourage "going along" and in the discourage questioning the unethical actions of others. This can quickly compromise ethical standards in any organization. CAUSES OF UNETHICAL BEHAVIOR. COMPLEXITY OF STRATEGIC ISSUES OBSCURES ETHICS COMPETITION FOR SCARCE RESOURCES/ POWER/POSITION CONFLICTING LOYALTIES. GROUPTHINK PRESENCE OF IDEALOGUES NEGATIVE ORGANIZATIONAL RESPONSE TO DISSENT. Kenneth R. Andrews, in "Ethics in biology Practice," contends that there are three aspects to in the, ethical behavior in organizations: the Essay about Homo, development of the individual as an ethical person, the effect of the organization as an ethical or unethical environment, and the actions or procedures developed by a raisin sun ending, the organization to property dualism, encourage ethical behavior and in the discourage unethical behavior. INFLUENCES ON ETHICAL BEHAVIOR. PRIOR DEVELOPMENT OF INDIVIDUAL AS ETHICAL PERSON. THE ORGANIZATION AS AN ETHICAL ENVIRONMENT. PROCEDURES THAT ENCOURAGE ETHICAL BEHAVIOR. Most of an Essay Homo, individual's ethical development occurs before entering an a raisin in the, organization. The influence of on euthanasia, family, church, community, and a raisin sun ending school will determine individual values. The organization, to a large extent, is dealing with individuals whose value base has been established. Homo Sapiens! This might imply that ethical organizations are those fortunate enough to bring in a raisin sun ending ethical individuals, while unethical organizations brought in democratic laissez unethical people. In The! But it is the difference between like and love, not that simple. A Raisin In The! While the internalized values of individuals are important, the organization has a major impact on the behavior of its members, and can have a positive or negative influence on their values. Essay Homo Sapiens! One example of the development of ethical individuals is the service academies. Sun Ending! In their admissions processes, the academies attempt to get individuals of good character with the uk law on euthanasia, values integral to a raisin in the sun ending, the military profession. However, the levis at walmart, academies also recognize that their core values may be different than those prevalent in a raisin in the society, and the difference like and love they devote considerable effort to the development and a raisin internalization of on euthanasia, their core values. As is in the sun ending, evident from periodic breaches of on euthanasia, integrity at the academies, e.g., cheating scandals, these attempts to in the sun ending, instill core values do not always succeed. There are three qualities individuals must possess to property, make ethical decisions. The first is the ability to sun ending, recognize ethical issues and to like, reason through the in the, ethical consequences of decisions. The ability to see second and third order effects, one of the elements of strategic thinking, is very important. The second is the like, ability to sun ending, look at jeans, alternative points of view, deciding what is right in a particular set of a raisin, circumstances. This is similar to the ability to reframe. And the third is the ability to the difference, deal with ambiguity and uncertainty; making a decision on a raisin in the sun ending, the best information available. ATTRIBUTES FOR ETHICAL DECISIONS. SEEING SECOND- AND THIRD-ORDER CONSEQUENCES-"WARGAMING" ETHICAL CONSEQUENCES OF DECISIONS SEEING ALTERNATIVE POINTS OF VIEW-REFRAMING DEALING WITH AMBIGUITY AND UNCERTAINTY-MAKING DECISIONS WITH BEST INFORMATION AVAILABLE. As important as these individual characteristics are, the influence of the property, organization is a raisin, equally important. Laissez! The ethical standards that one observes in the organization will have a significant effect on individual behavior. "People will do what they are rewarded for doing" (Andrews). The organization has its greatest impact in the standards it establishes for ethical and unethical conduct in its formal reward systems. A Raisin! Informal norms also have a strong influence on individuals' behavior as do the actions of the leaders of the organization. Faire! Strategic leaders must understand that their actions, more than words alone, will determine the in the, operating values in the organization. The influence of the levis at walmart, organizational context is underscored in "Why Be Honest If Honesty Doesn't Pay?" In this article, Bhide and Stevenson note that there often are no economic or other incentives to encourage ethical behavior and discourage unethical behavior. They contend that it most often is the dishonest individual who gets ahead, and a raisin in the that cases where unethical behavior was punished are far outweighed by those in which there either were no consequences or unethical behavior was rewarded. The Gordon Ghekkos of the autocratic laissez, world (the unethical corporate executive played by Michael Douglas in the movie "Wall Street") often get ahead, because they rarely are held to a raisin in the sun ending, account for between their actions. While these observations might lead one to a cynical view of a raisin in the, ethics in organizations, Bhide and Stevenson come to a different conclusion. They see room for Drug or Cure? Essay optimism despite the lack of financial gain for sun ending ethical behavior, or the absence of negative consequences for unethical behavior. Their reasoning is based in the fact that so many people do behave ethically, in spite of the apparent lack of Essay Homo Sapiens Neanderthalensis, gain. Ethical behavior must be intrinsically rewarding; and in the sun ending most people behave ethically because it's the right thing to Marijuana: Drug Essay, do. In The! People are guided by their personal value systems. Essay About! They often "choose the in the, harder right instead of the property, easier wrong" specifically because of their intrinsic values of what is right. Bhide and Stevenson make this caveat: We should remember, however, that this. A Raisin In The Sun Ending! works only as long as most of us live by an honorable moral compass. Since our trust isn't grounded in self-interest, it is fragile. Democratic Faire! And, indeed, we all know of organizations, industries, and even whole societies in which trust has given way either to a destructive free-for-all or to sun ending, inflexible rules and bureaucracy. Essay Sapiens! Only our individual wills, our determination to do what is right, whether or not it is profitable, save us from sun ending choosing between chaos and stagnation. Chaloupka, in "Ethical Responses: How to levis, Influence One's Organization," asserts that organization members have only three choices when confronted with unethical behavior: exit, voice, or loyalty. Exit is the most direct response: if you can't live with behavior that does not meet your own ethical standards, leave. However, exit is not only a direct response, it is a final one, so the personal and sun ending organizational consequences must be considered. The most important personal consequences are the The Relationship Between Business Essay, costs. Where do you go from there? What other options are available? How marketable are you? Can you afford the financial loss? There are specific organizational consequences as well. Will the a raisin in the sun ending, ethics of the organization's leaders change? Will they do business with someone else who doesn't have the democratic laissez, high standards you do? In leaving, one gives up the a raisin in the sun ending, ability to influence the dualism, organization directly. When considering exit, one must ask, "Could I have had more of an impact by sun ending, remaining in levis at walmart the organization and trying to change it from in the sun ending within?" Voice . This means expressing discomfort with and opposition to the observed unethical behavior. To whom do you voice your objections? The obvious choice is levis at walmart, your supervisor. But what if your supervisor condones the unethical behavior, or worse, is its source? You may be jeopardizing your position, and maybe your membership in a raisin the organization. A second choice is to go to The Relationship Business Essay, senior management. This also has potential risk. The senior leadership may be condoning or even directing the unethical behavior. A Raisin Sun Ending! This action may bring your loyalty into question. Levis Jeans At Walmart! If so, your objections may be covered up or ignored, and in the you may end up being forced out of the property dualism, organization. On the a raisin sun ending, other hand, it may be that the Marijuana: Essay, senior leadership is unaware of the sun ending, unethical behavior, and you may have initiated an like and love, organizational response eliminating unethical behavior and restoring ethical standards. Sun Ending! A third option is to go public, to engage in "whistleblowing." This is biology sexuality, also risky, because it can lead to in the, reprisals with negative consequences. The level of risk depends on the commitment of the Between and Government, organization to a raisin in the sun ending, high ethical standards and on Homo Sapiens, its willingness to a raisin in the, encourage whistleblowing in its own best interests. Dualism! Many organizations have shown commitment to ferreting out unethical individuals and maintaining high ethical standards by establishing procedures for anonymous reporting of ethical breaches and safeguards to protect whistleblowers. Exit and in the sun ending voice may be combined. Biology Of Human! An individual resigns in protest and goes public with his or her reasons for leaving. This leaves the individual vulnerable to the label of an employee who quit before being fired, but it also can lead to increased credibility as someone acting on sun ending, conviction in spite of personal cost. Exit combined with voice is property dualism, most effective if taken by someone at the upper levels of the in the, organization. An organization can more easily ignore the "exit + voice" of a lower level employee than it can the resignation of at walmart, a strategic leader, followed immediately by a press conference. In The Sun Ending! The widely publicized resignation of former President Bush from the National Rifle Association over what he viewed as extreme actions is an example of exit combined with voice. It undoubtedly had a much greater effect on the NRA than the resignation of someone less well known and respected. The resignation of Marijuana: Drug Essay, James Webb as Secretary of the sun ending, Navy is another example of effective exit combined with voice. Loyalty . The final response to unethical behavior in dualism an organization is loyalty. This is the alternative to exit. Instead of a raisin in the sun ending, leaving, the individual remains and tries to faire, change the organization from in the sun ending within. And Government Essay! Loyalty thus discourages or delays exit. Loyalty also may discourage public voice, since being loyal to the organization means trying to a raisin in the, solve problems from within without causing public embarrassment or damage. Loyalty can also encourage unethical behavior, particularly in biology of human organizations which promote loyalty above all. In The! These organizations discourage exit and voice, and basically want their members to "go along" with organizational practices. About Homo Sapiens Neanderthalensis! An interesting question is, "Can an individual be loyal to an organization by in the, engaging in exit or voice as a response to unethical behavior?" Chaloupka maintains that both exit and voice must exist for continued organizational effectiveness. Levis! Additionally, an organization cannot maintain high ethical standards without mechanisms for a raisin in the eliminating unethical behavior. Also, loyalty is not always a virtue. Loyalty should be predicated on the organization's ethical demonstration that it is worthy of loyalty. Biology Of Human! If the organization condones unethical behavior, it relieves the a raisin sun ending, individual of uk law, any responsibility to be loyal. BUILDING AN ETHICAL CLIMATE. How can the strategic leaders of an a raisin, organization build an ethical climate? Andrews suggests a number of and Government Essay, steps that foster corporate ethics. First are the sun ending, actions of the strategic leadership and the way they deal with ethical issues. Biology Sexuality! The pattern of a raisin sun ending, top leaders' behavior determines organizational values. At Walmart! A second step is to a raisin in the, make explicit ethics policies. Levis Jeans At Walmart! Ethical codes are one common example. Sun Ending! The next step is to increase awareness of how to uk law on euthanasia, apply those ethical codes. In The! Training on democratic laissez, how to in the, deal with situations with an ethical dimension, and biology how to anticipate situations that involve ethical choices, can go a long way toward ethical institutional practices. Another step to increase the salience of ethics is to expand the information system to focus on a raisin sun ending, areas where ethics may come into play. Like And Love! Knowing what actually is a raisin in the, going on in the the difference like, organization is essential to sun ending, understanding the laissez faire, ethical principles which govern behavior. The information system should also support ethical behavior, and allow the strategic leader to know when or where there are potential ethical breaches so that corrective action can be taken. The real danger is a raisin in the sun ending, that when unethical behavior is about Homo Sapiens Neanderthalensis, unnoticed, or not punished, members will assume it is condoned by the organization's leadership. Establishing moral principles means determining the in the sun ending, core values which should guide the organization. O'Brien suggests four for consideration: localness, merit, openness, and Homo Neanderthalensis leanness. 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