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Nov 25, 2017 New Year Resolutions Essay, help cant do my essay - Definitions of health and illness are very complex, in that there are cultural differences in New Year Resolutions, how societies classify what are health and political illness, the Resolutions causes and the treatment. However because disease occurs in patterns it is thought that the Drug conditions that determine health chances are social conditions. The way we think about New Year Resolutions health and Marijuana: illness is socially constructed as we are used to accepting the views of the medical profession. Essay? In modern medicine our bodies are seen as machines and tesco china doctors as mechanics, however studies by sociologists show that there is New Year Essay, a range of environmental, political and behavioural factors that contribute to the construction of every matters health and illness. New Year? In societies what appears to be abnormal or unacceptable is political integration, often labelled as disease, conflicts arise because what accounts for New Year Resolutions Essay, illness differs from place to place and from time to Marijuana: or Cure? time. Numerous studies also show that a person s social class strongly affects health and New Year longevity, and that poverty and integration social class are the New Year Resolutions most important factors determining health. The lower ones social rank the every legislation more prone one is to early death. Beliefs about gender also influence attitudes to Resolutions Essay health and things eve bunting illness, as what is Resolutions Essay, natural becomes medicalised when women s natural reproductive cycles and terrible childbirth are often treated as disease. The Black report published in New Year Resolutions, the 1980s showed that there was a pattern to the wealth and health experienced by the different social classes, based on every, occupation the New Year Resolutions report showed health inequality and suggested that professionals fare better than managers, managers fare better than skilled workers and so on political, down the New Year Resolutions line. However there are also theories that try explaining the results of the Black report, suggesting that the terrible things system of health care is not such an important factor as other life circumstances that affect the health of different classes. The artefact theory suggests that the use of surveys for New Year, statistics is inaccurate because it fails to Marijuana: Drug or Cure? Essay take into consideration the clinical iceberg where it is Essay, unknown how many people suffer illness as they don t always report it also most health care happens in the home usually women treating symptoms by self care, in the case of postal surveys not everyone will respond and women often fill in forms for other family members. It is marketing, also unreliable because the New Year Resolutions Essay figures relate to things males of working age and New Year not females and Marijuana: or Cure? older and Resolutions younger people and the statistics change all the time. However another study known as the Whitehall study gave evidence that there is every child matters legislation, a real relationship between social class and health outcome. When different grades of workers was compared, those in New Year Resolutions, the lowest grade had 3.6 times greater risk of dying from heart disease than those in the highest grade (Marsh, p473.) The other explanation considered by the Black report accepted the relationship between social class and health, the social selection explanation theorises that it is not social class that affects heath but health that affects social class, people who suffer poor health stay at Theory Comparison Essay, the bottom of the New Year Resolutions Essay occupational scale because they are not healthy enough to of animal farm chapter make any progress, and that it is not the Resolutions lower class which actually causes their poor health but rather people who are ill tend to take time off school and and Discrimination example work so their chances of succeeding are less likely than someone who is healthy and is rarely absent from New Year school or work . The cultural or individualist theory suggests that there is Group, something about the culture of the Essay lower classes that is marketing, unhealthy; they tend to smoke and drink more and it is attitude not income at New Year Resolutions, fault so individuals are to blame for Marijuana: Drug or Cure? Essay, not looking after their health. The individualist theory thus suggests that the Essay lower social classes have poorer health because, through choice or ignorance, they adopt unhealthy behaviour (Harvey p94) The materialistic theory believes that conditions such as poverty or homelessness are a direct cause of implementation mortality. Despite the existence in Britain of New Year Resolutions Essay a National Health Service there are still vast social divisions of terrible things eve bunting health outcomes, Social class divisions in mortality and morbidity are probably the result of New Year Essay material factors. Political? (Marsh.p480) The health and illness that affect the social classes is New Year Essay, often influenced by their environment for political, instance the child mortality rate of the lower classes can be caused by New Year, living in poverty, damp housing, low income, inadequate diet, through unemployment, all the issues which contribute to stress and depression as the The Ramifications of Prejudice and Discrimination example lower class is caught in New Year, an never ending circle where each problem contributes to Group Comparison another and New Year Resolutions so lifestyles tend to political integration stay the same. This diminishes hope and limits choices causing a threat to health. The lower classes also have the Essay worst facilities of summary of animal chapter health care. Doctors and specialists who are able to choose the areas they work will more often choose middleclass areas where they will have the advantage of Resolutions Essay better staff and tesco china equipment. Essay? Hillary Graham s work on women and political smoking suggested that smoking might help women in poverty to New Year Resolutions Essay cope because it is a method of tesco china relaxation, her way of New Year Essay having a break from the main interaction with small children. Our ideas in summary of animal, society tend to construct gender differences in New Year Resolutions, health problems, there appears to be some evidence that men take more risks than women such as dangerous sports and every child legislation violent activities and hazardous occupations, also women tend to New Year consult doctors more often but yet statistics suggest women have more ill health, but this could be because women in eve bunting, their socially produced gender roles are seen as more acceptable to show weakness and seek medical help. Essay? Women s lives are more often medicalised than men, in childbirth, reproduction and mental health women are more likely to be given prescriptions for anti-depressants or tranquillizers, men however are more likely to have alcohol related problems, a more socially acceptable response to of Prejudice example stress than it is for Essay, women. Integration? Peter Sedgwick found that: About 10% of all GPs prescriptions and 20% of annual expenditure goes on New Year Essay, tranquillisers, anti- depressants or hypnotic drugs, mainly for women (class handout) A woman s role is often looking after everyone in the family and because she tends to every matters legislation carry an added burden of stress with an attitude of having to soldier on New Year Resolutions Essay, with her responsibilities she may be prone to summary of animal physical and mental disorders. As victims of New Year Essay social and economic circumstances women tend to suffer from what is political integration, known as housewife syndrome . The isolation and Resolutions constant decision making involved in housework are very stressful as is the responsibilities of terrible looking after young children.In addition there are certain illness s that women suffer from because of New Year Essay their biology because women live longer they tend to suffer from degenerative disorders. There is marketing, substantial evidence that illness is New Year Essay, socially constructed through the medical professions interventation in creation of iatragenic diseases, in of Prejudice, many cases the treatment causes more damage than the illness ever would for Resolutions, example the thalidomide drug where the effects on Therapy, the unborn children greatly outweighed the New Year Essay advantages to summary chapter the pregnant women. Resolutions Essay? People suffering from depression are often given tranquillisers this in turn can cause addiction. There is also much evidence to of Prejudice and Discrimination suggest that there are many unpleasant side effects to the contraceptive pill as it can cause cancer or thrombosis and intra uterine devices can cause all sorts of infections, however they continue to Resolutions be used by every child, the majority of women, as there is little choice of other methods of birth control. Health and illness are socially constructed by the environment, technological changes over New Year Resolutions time have brought improvements in sanitary systems ending the of Prejudice Essay risks of Resolutions Essay major epidemics, however this industrialised engineering has also brought about high levels of dangerous chemicals with the integration result that the New Year Resolutions major killers in modern industrial societies are heart diseases and cancers. The idea that disease emanates from an individuals relationship with his environment was part of or Cure? Greek medical orthodoxy and, as anthropologists have discovered, is Resolutions Essay, a quite common concept in other cultures (Gomm p248) Medical matters are often socially constructed through the or Cure? beliefs of the medical profession and their power to control the behaviour of New Year Resolutions Essay society, this happens when alcoholism, smoking or obesity are seen as unacceptable and summary of animal so are labelled as disease which society finds easier to accept. Essay? Treatments are then created to child legislation try to New Year Resolutions Essay cure the terrible eve bunting behaviour of the Resolutions individual. In the 19th century women who didn t conform to implementation the stereotyped female role were often regarded as suffering from a disease. New Year Essay? This is where the power of the political medical profession can be clearly seen. From a sociological point of New Year Resolutions view, there is no objective definition of illness; instead it is tesco china, necessary to ask whose interest, and with what purpose in mind, illness is New Year, socially defined by terrible eve bunting, different people (Gomm p.250) High levels of New Year illness are seen as a threat to society thus the medical profession serves to ensure the satisfactory performance of Marijuana: or Cure? social roles yet the major effect of the Essay intervention of the medical profession actually increases the numbers of people diagnosed as sick. Child? The large drug companies which are the Resolutions Essay most profitable in the world help shape the pattern of medicine, drugs are made to produce profit therefore there is Marijuana: or Cure? Essay, a relationship between doctors and drug companies designed to New Year Essay maximise the sale of drugs. The elderly in Essay, society are also often diagnosed as sick because they are most vulnerable to Resolutions Essay illness; a large number of the of animal farm elderly are in hospitals not because they are sick but because there is New Year Resolutions Essay, no one to every matters legislation look after them at Resolutions Essay, home and also because health and welfare services fail to provide enough care in and Discrimination example, the community. The social construction of Resolutions health and illness is a complex interaction of gender, class, age and The Ramifications Essay other social characteristics, still vast social divisions of Resolutions health outcomes, social class divisions in mortality and The Ramifications of Prejudice and Discrimination example morbidity are probably the result of material factors, what is defined as disease often occurs in Resolutions, patterns which are best understood sociologically. Evidence from medical historians conclude that medical intervention has been less important in promoting health than have other social and every child legislation economic factors, The improvement in life expectancy over Resolutions the years is because epidemic diseases were reduced with improved sanitary conditions, looked at in this perspective, modern medicine has been less important than changes in environments. It would appear that there is tesco china, something much bigger going on with the career interests of the New Year Resolutions doctors and the commercial interests of the example drug companies. Bibliography And References. Brennan, M. (1998) Choosing Ill Health . Sociology Review, Class Handout. Donovan, K. (1993) Blame It On The Hormones: The Irish Times Newspaper, Oct.7th. Gomm, R. New Year Essay? Social Science And Medicine: Perspectives On Society , Class Handout. Graham, H. Legislation? (1987) Women Health And Illness , Social Studies Review, Class Handout. Harvey, L. and Mac Donald, M. (1993) Doing Sociology: A Practible Introduction, Hampshire, and Resolutions Essay Macmillan Press. Marsh, I. (2000). Group Theory? Sociology: Making Sense Of Society London, Peason Education 2nd edn. Matlin, W.M The Psychology Of Women Class Handout. Meridith, Tax. (1970) Women And Her Mind: The Society Of Daily Life Quoted In S. Rowbottom, Women s Consciousness, Mans World Penguin. New Year Resolutions Essay? 1973. Mihill, C. Political Integration? (1995) Poor Suffer More Illness Than Rich The Guardian Newspaper, Oct 24th. O Donnell, M. and Garrod, J. Resolutions? (1990) Sociology In Practice UK. Political Integration? Nelson Ltd. Rubinstein, D. (1986) Lunatic Or Heroine? New Society, Class Handout. Waddington, I. Essay? (1989) Inequalities In Health Social Studies Review, Class Handout. Our writers are all Uni graduates able to work effectively on any level under time constraints. Well-versed in tesco china, most subjects and New Year citation styles, our writers have years of of Prejudice and Discrimination ghostwriting experience doing both academic and professional projects. Every paper is Resolutions, written from scratch based on The Ramifications Essay, your instructions and New Year Essay there is no plagiarism of any kind. Terrible? Plus, we guarantee free unlimited revisions. You will enjoy direct contact with the writer throughout the New Year Essay entire process and will receive the paper by e-mail/download. The projects are never resold and will remain your unique property for a lifetime. The service is totally confidential and all client information is every matters legislation, kept private. We guarantee that the paper will adequately meet your guidelines and be done by the deadline, otherwise we will give you your money back, if we fail (terms of Essay service apply).<

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François Jeulin I. New Year Resolutions Essay! Les difficultés de garantir la paix pour un Etat A. Eve Bunting! Préparer la guerre pour assurer sa sécurité extérieure 1. New Year Resolutions Essay! Un réflexe naturel. 2. Summary Of Animal Chapter! Porteur de germes de guerre B. New Year Essay! Le refus d’envisager la guerre 1. Marketing! La logique pacifiste non violente. 2. New Year Essay! Les limites II. The Ramifications Essay Example! La recherche de la paix à un niveau international A. New Year Resolutions Essay! La paix par l’empire 1. Eve Bunting! Principe. 2. Resolutions Essay! Limites B. Every Matters Legislation! Le système de paix perpétuelle de Kant 1. Essay! Principe. 2. Essay! La guerre comme moteur de la paix Bibliographie : E. Essay! Kant, Vers la paix perpétuelle. Child Matters Legislation! Essai philosophique R. New Year Resolutions! Aron, Guerre et paix entre les Nations Alain, Mars ou la guerre jugée M. Farm Chapter! Lequan, La paix. New Year! Textes choisis et présentés. Corps de l'exposé (reprise partielle de mes notes, d'où des tournures plutôt orales. Matters Legislation! ) : Intro : Je ne vais pas vous surprendre en vous disant qu'il s'agit d'un thème d'actualité. New Year! Toute considération morale et humanitaire mise à part, l'une des raisons d'intervention en Yougoslavie est d'éviter l'élargissement du conflit et donc de la guerre à des parties en paix. Integration! Dans un tel cas il semble bien qu'on applique l'adage "si tu veux la paix prépare la guerre", poussé jusqu'au déclenchement même de la guerre. Une telle attitude est "revenue à la mode" depuis Münich. on Resolutions Essay, avait constaté à l'époque que le refus de préparer la guerre, pour assurer la paix, s'était soldée par un cuisant échec. Mais cet adage est bien plus ancien et remonte aux stratèges romains : "si vis pacem, para bellum". Integration! Je restreindrai donc l’exposé au champ initial de cet adage, c’est à dire à la guerre et la paix entre Nations. New Year! Dans une société civile régie par le droit, la notion de guerre entre individus n’a à priori pas de sens. Par guerre j’entendrai un état de conflit entre deux Etats, où les divergences d’intérêt sont réglées par la force et non par le droit. Therapy! La paix, elle, ne peut se résumer à une absence de conflit, mais correspond à une situation où les différents sont réglés par le droit. Peut on New Year Resolutions Essay, envisager que vouloir la paix nécessite de préparer la guerre ? Les moyens employés ne dénaturent-ils pas la fin ? Est-il possible d’envisager une autre façon de parvenir à la paix ? Nous verrons dans une première partie les difficultés pour un Etat de garantir la paix : en préparant la guerre ou en s’y refusant, la paix qu’il assure n’est qu’une trêve. Tesco China! Dans un second temps, nous chercherons à déterminer s’il n’y a pas une possibilité d’établir la paix, mais en la recherchant à une échelle planétaire, et le rôle que la guerre a à jouer. I. New Year Resolutions! Les difficultés de garantir la paix pour un Etat A. Political! Préparer la guerre pour assurer sa sécurité extérieure. 1. New Year Essay! Un réflexe naturel. C'est un réflexe logique : pour éviter d'avoir à se battre, en dissuader l'agrsseur en s'y préparant. Group Theory Comparison Essay! C'est ce que l'on pourrait appeller une "paix armée". Resolutions Essay! C'est celle que connaissent la plus part des pays en paix de part le monde.Le service militaire est l’exemple même d’une préparation de la guerre en temps de paix. Marijuana: Drug! Même un pays comme la Suisse qui se tient à l’écart des conflits, qui est un pays neutre, prépare la guerre : les ponts sont équipés dès leur construction pour être dynamités et les citoyens s’entraînent chaque année à se battre. Finalement les armes ne sont que des moyens en vue de la paix. Essay! De ce point de vue la paix n’est pas un état passif, mais au contraire un état actif : on The Ramifications and Discrimination, se bat pour la paix, on New Year Resolutions Essay, la prépare activement, en préparant, de façon paradoxale, la guerre. Every Legislation! On retrouve cette duplicité dans le double visage d’Athéna, pacifique et guerrière à la fois, qui allie l’olivier, symbole de paix, au glaive et au casque. 2. New Year Resolutions Essay! Porteur en soi de germes de guerre. Mais cette paix armée, par l'équilibre des puissances, est-elle véritablement la paix ? Elle s’apparente davantage à une guerre latente, prévue, préparée. Tesco China! La paix véritable n’est pas seulement absence de combats, elle est également absence de menace : elle a pour vocation à être perpétuelle, sinon il ne s’agit que d’une trêve. Ainsi les relations entre le bloc soviétique et le camp occidental n’ont pas été qualifiés de paix, mais de guerre froide. La paix armée est régie par la peur de l’anéantissement réciproque. Resolutions! Elle est une anticipation de la guerre. Every Child! Sa psychologie est finalement proche d’un pacifisme fataliste qui à force de redouter la guerre, finit par le provoquer. New Year Essay! Le résultat de la paix armée peut être la guerre alors même que son intention est de sauver la paix. L’escalade militaire qui l’accompagne conduit à une forte instabilité. Chapter 1! Quand un certain seuil d’armement est franchi, la paix risque de se muer en guerre. Resolutions! Lassé et inquiet d’attendre l’une des parties finit par se jeter au combat (Alain). La logique de la dissuasion, en infligeant à l’autre la crainte de mourir, répond à la peur symétrique qu’il inflige. The Ramifications Essay Example! L’escalade qui s’ennuie, au lieu de supprimer la crainte, la nourrit. New Year Resolutions Essay! Dans une logique de dissuasion la paix n’est plus qu’une fin lointaine que ses moyens dénaturent : la dissuasion finit par travailler à la guerre en incitant l’autre à se surarmer. B. Tesco China! Le refus d’envisager la guerre. 1. New Year Resolutions Essay! La logique pacifiste non violente. On vient de le voir, préparer la guerre pour avoir la paix, c’est tenter de concilier deux contraires. Integration! Le moyen employé – la préparation de la guerre – dénature la paix. Le pacifisme radical refuse absolument toute guerre : la guerre est ce qu’il y a de pire et doit être évitée à tout prix. New Year Resolutions Essay! La voie proposée est le refus de l’affrontement, le refus du conflit. Integration! Préparer la guerre pour « défendre » la paix, c’est combattre le mal par le mal et conduit finalement à la guerre. Prôner la non violence et le pacifisme c’est enclencher la logique inverse : si les Etats refusent le recours à la guerre, parce que l’opinion publique les pousse à agir ainsi, alors la paix est garantie. On voit immédiatement les limites et le danger d’une telle doctrine. Essay! Le principe de non violence appliqué seulement à soi réintroduit la guerre. Of Prejudice And Discrimination Example! Etre démuni c’est s’exposer à l’agression de l’autre et l’inciter à une guerre victorieuse. Le pacifisme radical n’est donc qu’une utopie : il suppose un renoncement de tous les Etats à la guerre, sans autre garantie que la bonne volonté des autres. Resolutions Essay! L’exemple de la Belgique durant la seconde guerre mondiale est édifiant : refusant la guerre elle a fini envahie par le régime Nazi. Group Therapy Comparison! Le pacifisme radical revient, s’il n’est pas adopté par les autres, au choix de l’esclavage. Essay! La vraie paix n’est pas un sommeil léthargique, l’oubli de soi, une lâcheté frileuse. Political! Elle ne peut avoir peur de mourir. On perçoit d’ailleurs là le deuxième danger qu’il recèle pour une société : si personne n’est prêt à mourir pour la défendre c’est qu’elle n’est rien, elle ne représente rein pour ses membres. New Year Essay! C’est une société condamnée à disparaître. Marijuana: Drug Or Cure? Essay! C’est une société frileuse, morte, qui n’a plus de dynamique car elle refuse de se donner les moyens d’affirmer sa singularité, dans la confrontation. On constate donc une grande difficulté pour les Etats à garantir la paix : refuser d’envisager la guerre et toute forme de violence pour défendre sa singularité conduit : soit à un véritable délitement par l’intérieur de la société : elle perd sa cohésion et ses valeurs soit à l’assujettissement par un Etat belliqueux qui y voit l’occasion d’une victoire facile D’un autre côté préparer la guerre pour défendre la paix, c’est participer à une escalade qui contient en elle les germe de la guerre. Resolutions Essay! Ca n’est pas garantir une paix véritable, mais seulement assurer une trêve. Vouloir la paix nécessite donc non pas de l’envisager à un niveau purement national, mais international. Child Legislation! II. Resolutions Essay! La recherche de la paix à un niveau international A. Terrible Things! La paix par l’empire. Cette recherche de paix correspond à une radicalisation de l'adage "si tu veux la paix, prépare la guerre" en "si tu veux la paix, fais la guerre » On peut ainsi imaginer une paix fruit d’une pacification armée menée par un Etat. New Year Essay! Celui-ci pour se protéger et garantir la paix par la force lance un vaste mouvement de colonisation, assurant ainsi comme l’a fait Rome dans l’antiquité, une « Pax Romana ». Theory! Une telle démarche pourrait se résumer en « si tu veux la paix, prépare la guerre à toutes les autres nations ». New Year Resolutions! L’empire universel se constitue en éliminant tous ses rivaux et en intégrant les vaincus à son ordre. Group Theory! Ainsi la paix est assurée comme paix civile au sein de l’empire. L'exemple romain est significatif car il montre aussi les limites d'un tel raisonnement : lorsque la pacification externe est achevée, c'est la pacification interne qui s'écroule : le trop vaste empire romain a été déchiré par des guerres intestines, qui sont la contrepartie d'une paix violente. Comme le montrent Kant (la monarchie universelle) ou Aron, un tel empire est nécessairement voué à disparaître en se désagrégeant en un grand nombre d’Etats plus petits, qui se livrent à nouveau à des guerres entre eux. Resolutions Essay! Cette désagrégation est obligatoire car une telle « monarchie universelle » n’est pas apte à prendre en compte la diversité des peuples. Marijuana:! L’imposition par la force d’un ordre unique ne peut que conduire à l’anarchie universelle ou à un retour à l’ordre d’origine. B. New Year Resolutions! Le système de paix perpétuelle de Kant. On a constaté l'échec de la guerre comme moyen direct d'assurer la paix : aussi bien comme moyen préventif par la dissuasion qui consiste à préparer la guerre tout en voulant la paix. Group Theory! que comme moyen offensif en instaurant un empire mondial. New Year Resolutions! Par ailleurs, la paix quand elle existe s'apparente à une trêve entre deux guerres qu'à une paix véritable. Eve Bunting! Ainsi lorsque s'achève une guerre, le traité de paix, souvent à l'avantage du vainqueur et humiliant le vaincu est porteur des germes d'une guerre à venir. New Year! Quant bien même ce ne serait pas le cas, le désir de revanche risque de refaire surface un jour ou l'autre et de provoquer une nouvelle guerre. Dans ces conditions vouloir la paix a-t-il un sens ? Kant a décrit comment la paix véritable, la paix perpétuelle est possible. Kant fait une analogie entre les individus et les Etats à l’état de nature. Group Therapy Theory! Cet état est un état d’hostilité, de rivalités, un état de guerre. New Year! Les individus constituent par le contrat social une société civile qui assure la justice par le règne du droit. Summary Of Animal 1! Et le droit assure dans le même temps la coexistence pacifique des libertés. New Year Resolutions Essay! Ainsi il y a un abandon de la violence brute pour le droit. Kant estime qu’il peut en être de même au niveau des Etats, de façon à ce que ceux-ci abandonnent leur état de nature pour un état de droit, en constituant soit une société des Nations, soit, de façon moins poussée, une alliance des Nations. Il s’agit d’un nouveau contrat social dont tous les Etats sont les membres. Tesco China! Il ne consisterait pas en un abandon de souveraineté, ce qui n’est pas raisonnablement envisageable et conduirait à un échec, mais un renoncement à la guerre comme mode de règlement et à l’institution d’un droit cosmopolite : Libre relation et libre circulation Libre commerce Egalité de traitement au sein d’un Etat Droit d’immigration La sécurité et les droits des Nations seraient garantis non par leur puissance ou leur juridiction propre, mais par la Société des nations et par ce droit cosmopolite. Contrairement au contrat social qui est davantage une vue de l’esprit qu’une réalité historique, le processus de marche vers la paix perpétuelle est un processus historique. Essay! Son instauration pour Kant devrait se faire de façon progressive : il se constitue un noyau de Républiques autour duquel la paix perpétuelle peut s’étendre. Of Animal! La paix qui d’emblé n’est aps universelle, le devient par agrégation progressive. 2. New Year! La guerre comme moteur de la paix. Vous allez objecter qu'il s'agit d'une belle construction théorique, mais qu'on ne voit pas ce qui peut pousser les Etats à accomplir une telle démarche. Pour Kant le grand dessin de la Nature, c’est la paix et pour cela elle a un outil : la guerre. Marketing Implementation! De même que la Nature utilise la malice et l’hostilité des hommes pour les pousser au contrat social, elle utilise la guerre et la discorde pour conduire les Etats vers la paix perpétuelle. En effet, la malice, la brutalité, l’hostilité naturelle de l’homme, le conduisent à se rendre compte que son intérêt est de quitter l’état de nature pour constituer une société civile. Les guerres sont des tentatives imparfaites d’arriver à la paix. Resolutions Essay! « Après des destruction et des bouleversement sans nombre, après avoir épuisé toutes les forces, la Nature pousse les hommes au but que la raison aurait pu leur assigner sans d’aussi terribles expériences : quitter l’Etat anarchique pour entrer dans une société des Nations ». Par cette voie dérivée la Nature contribue à l’instauration d’une paix perpétuelle, dynamique et pas une paix oisive, qui ne favoriserait pas l’union des hommes. Things Eve Bunting! De lus ce « moyen » employé par la nature permet de préserver la liberté de hommes : ils choisissent eux même la paix en la construisant, elle ne leur est pas imposée. Toutefois il y a une condition sine qua non : que la structure interne de nations soit républicaine. New Year Essay! Je ne vais pas détailler les critères de Kant, mais l’essentiel c’est que le pouvoir de décider de la guerre relève des citoyens : ainsi les citoyens, entraînés par l’esprit de commerce et leur intérêt hésiteront devant la guerre et seront enclin à pousser leurs Etats vers la SDN. La guerre est donc de ce point de vue un moteur de la paix, l’outil de la nature conduisant à la paix. Terrible Things! Cependant cela ne signifie pas que préparer la guerre et s’en remettre à la seule Nature pour la paix suffise. New Year! Kant précise bien que la bonne volonté de souverains qui s’efforcent de se rapprocher de la paix perpétuelle est aussi nécessaire pour construire cette paix. Marijuana: Essay! Conclusion : On a donc vu que préparer la guerre pour avoir la paix, réflexe déjà présent dans l’antiquité, ne permet que d’assurer une trêve provisoire et finit par déclencher la guerre. Resolutions Essay! Les Etats sont donc incapable à leur échelle propre de créer les conditions de la paix car se refuser complètement à la guerre, en ne se défendant pas, n’est pas une meilleure solution. La possibilité de la paix ne peut donc résider qu’à un niveau mondial. Political! La pacification par une seule Nation constituant un empire n’est pas une solution et ne peut déboucher à terme que sur l’anarchie ou une explosion et un retour à la situation initiale. Le seul moyen de garantir la paix est un nouveau contrat social conclu entre les Etats visant à l’instauration d’un droit cosmopolite. Essay! La Nature y Сљuvre par cela même que la paix doit éviter : la guerre. Les développements récents, tel que la guerre en Irak ou en Yougoslavie, peuvent faire espérer qu’on se rapproche de l’avènement d’une paix perpétuelle par un droit international, le noyau de républiques pensé par Kant pouvant être incarné par les républiques occidentales. Political! Cependant celles-ci ne font pas preuve de la bonne volonté nécessaire selon Kant : par leurs ventes massives d’arme de part le monde, elles contribuent davantage à entretenir l’idée que pour assurer sa sécurité, il vaut mieux préparer la guerre que l’avènement d’un système international.<

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Nov 25, 2017 New Year Resolutions Essay, buy custom essay uk - By: David • Essay • 3,099 Words • December 2, 2009 • 560 Views. Essay title: Evaluate the Teleological Argument for Resolutions Essay, the Existence of and Discrimination God. Evaluate the New Year Resolutions teleological argument for the existence of God. The arguments for tesco china, the existence of God are usually understood as arguments for classical theism. Resolutions? H.P. Owen , in every his book Concepts of New Year Resolutions Essay Deity, defines theism as ". belief in Essay one God, the New Year Essay Creator, who is infinite, self-existent, incorporeal, eternal, immutable, impassable, simple, perfect, omniscient and omnipotent." (pg 1) H.P.Owen uses Aquinas' Summa Theologica as his chief source for classical theism. It is here, as the last of The Ramifications and Discrimination Aquinas' Five Ways, that we are presented with the argument for the existence of New Year Essay God from design, otherwise known as the implementation teleological argument or the Resolutions "Armchair argument". Aquinas says that we can come to a proof of the existence of summary farm 1 God simply by reflecting on the nature of the universe. Lucilius, in Cicero's De Natura Deorum presents us with one of the Essay earliest mentions of the teleological argument suggesting that the existence of terrible things eve bunting "some divinity or superior intelligence" (Davies pg50) seems obvious in the light of any contemplation about the New Year Resolutions world. Marketing? Aquinas said we could observe that unintelligent things appear to New Year Essay, fulfil a function. Eve Bunting? The world is Resolutions Essay not made up of separate entities that are entirely individual, rather these entities interact with each other often in complex networks that seem to Drug or Cure? Essay, fulfil functions, such as an ecosystem. New Year Resolutions? For instance, trees, whilst appearing unintelligible, serve to The Ramifications of Prejudice and Discrimination example, provide oxygen, fuel and building materials for us, provide food and shelter for many animals and also serve recreational and aesthetic purposes. New Year Essay? They have all the marketing appearance of being proposed by an intelligence, to build towards a purpose. "Hence it is plain that they achieve their end, not fortuitously, but designedly." (Hick The Existence of New Year Resolutions God pg 85) Something that is unable to think or act for political, itself, yet still moves towards an end, must be propelled by something that does have knowledge and intelligence. New Year Resolutions Essay? The intelligent being that moves things towards their end, Aquinas said, we call God. In his 1802 publication, Natural Theology, Archdeacon William Paley uses the watchmaker analogy to illustrate Aquinas' position. He talks about coming across a stone whilst crossing a heath, and asking about the Therapy Theory stones origin. Resolutions? Paley says that we may well assume that the of Prejudice and Discrimination stone has always been there as there is nothing about the Resolutions stone which would make us think anything else. Example? If we were to Resolutions Essay, come across a watch, though, we could not give the same response to the question of its origin. On examination, the watch would unequivocally show that, not only had it been designed, but that it had been designed for purpose, in this case to show the passing of time. If all the components of the tesco china watch were put together in any other way, either the watch would not work, or it would show the wrong time, neither of which would be of any use. New Year Resolutions Essay? Paley says that all the elements of design present in the watch are present in every child matters nature and New Year Resolutions, its works, the only real difference being the vast dissimilarity in size between the watch and political integration, the world. Whilst we can imagine that the New Year watch could be the result of integration human endeavour, in no way can we say the same about the universe. The manner in which aspects of nature are so suited to their task, and New Year Essay, the way in The Ramifications of Prejudice and Discrimination example which these tasks are fulfilled, show all the magnificence and Resolutions Essay, grandeur of the most perfect invention. Of Animal Farm Chapter? Only God could have created the New Year Resolutions Essay universe in the fashion it can be observed. If the teleologist says that the world, has been designed like the things eve bunting watch, he may then go on New Year Resolutions Essay, to say that the world, like the watch has a purpose. I would argue that there is nothing in the world that could make me believe that it has a purpose, however much it shows elements of design. Indeed, if it does have a purpose then it is summary of animal farm chapter nothing that the New Year human can discern, but only the child matters creator, for New Year Essay, whom the creation has been made. Derham is another theologian who would agree with Aquinas' teleological argument for the existence of God. In his book Physico-Theology, first published in 1713, Derham presents us with an argument which Paley seems to farm chapter 1, have mirrored. In the same manner as the watch, "For what less than infinite, could stock so vast a globe with such a noble set of New Year animals. What, but the great God could so admirably provide for Marijuana: Essay, the whole animal world, everything serviceable to New Year, it, or that can be wished for, either to conserve its species, or to minister to implementation, the well being of individuals. New Year Essay? He, could provide such commodious clothing for every animal; such proper houses, nests and habitations; such suitable armature and weapons. Marketing Implementation? ". (Hick Arguments for Resolutions, the Existence of God pg 6 ) Derham's eloquent words seem wholly convincing. The nature of the human body, as with all the summary farm 1 other bodies in Essay this world, gives all the impression of being designed. The eyes are more sophisticated than. (2009, 12). Integration? Evaluate the Teleological Argument for New Year Resolutions Essay, the Existence of implementation God. EssaysForStudent.com . Retrieved 12, 2009, from Resolutions, https://www.essaysforstudent.com/essays/Evaluate-the-Teleological-Argument-for-the-Existence-of/18406.html. "Evaluate the Teleological Argument for political, the Existence of God" EssaysForStudent.com . 12 2009. 2009. New Year Essay? 12 2009 <https://www.essaysforstudent.com/essays/Evaluate-the-Teleological-Argument-for-the-Existence-of/18406.html>. "Evaluate the every child matters Teleological Argument for the Existence of God." EssaysForStudent.com . Resolutions Essay? EssaysForStudent.com, 12 2009. Integration? Web. 12 2009. <https://www.essaysforstudent.com/essays/Evaluate-the-Teleological-Argument-for-the-Existence-of/18406.html>. "Evaluate the New Year Teleological Argument for tesco china, the Existence of God." EssaysForStudent.com. New Year Resolutions Essay? 12, 2009. Accessed 12, 2009. https://www.essaysforstudent.com/essays/Evaluate-the-Teleological-Argument-for-the-Existence-of/18406.html. 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