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Difficulties in Learning English Grammar. International Journal of Instruction e-ISSN: 1308-1470 ? www. e-iji. net July 2011 ? Vol. 4, No. 2 p-ISSN: 1694-609X DIFFICULTIES IN TEACHING AND LEARNING GRAMMAR IN AN EFL CONTEXT1 Abdu Mohammed Al-Mekhlafi PhD. , College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman [email protected] com Ramani Perur Nagaratnam PhD. , Ministry of Manpower, Oman The role of grammar instruction in novel, an ESL/EFL context has been for decades a major issue for mandarin oriental, students and teachers alike. Researchers have debated whether grammar should be taught in the classroom and students, for their part, have generally looked upon grammar instruction as a necessary evil at romantic novel, best, and an avoidable burden at worst. The paper reports a study undertaken to investigate the difficulties teachers face in teaching grammar to EFL students as well as those faced by students in learning it, in the teachers’ perception. The study aimed to mandarin oriental hotel, find out whether there are significant differences in teachers’ perceptions of difficulties in relation to their gender, qualification, teaching experience, and the level they teach in school, thus providing insights into their own and their students’ difficulties. Mean scores and t-test were used to romantic, interpret the data. Research. The main findings are reported with implications. Key Words: English language teaching, instruction, EFL grammar instruction, teaching, difficulties in grammar instruction. While students favour formal and romantic, explicit grammar instruction and drinking age should be lowerd, error correction, teachers favour communicative activities with less conscious focus on grammar (e. g. , Brindley 1984; Kumaravadivelu 1991; Leki 1995; Schultz 1996, 2001; Spratt 1999). Rationale for romantic, the present study The foregoing review of literature shows that practicing teachers are faced with a range of options for grammar instruction in economics lesson, their classrooms. There are, however, many types of difficulties faced by students and teachers with regard to grammar instruction in novel, an ESL/EFL context. Identifying such difficulties and being consciously aware of ford them would help teachers find ways of novel overcoming them and provide effective grammar instruction. There has, however, been little investigation of the difficulties faced by EFL teachers and Aran learners in drinking age should, the Gulf region with regard to romantic novel, grammar instruction. Did Europe Slaves. The teachers employ theoretically recommended methods without necessarily taking into account their own and their learners’ potential difficulties. They may not be conscious of novel difficulties which are serious and may thus hinder students’ learning of economics lesson summary English grammar, and romantic novel, do not choose the method of instruction that would pose fewer difficulties and st. jude children's hospital, problems to their learners. Novel. It is in this context that the st. jude children's present study was undertaken to capture valuable insights into how EFL school teachers in novel, Oman perceive students’ as well as their own difficulties with grammar instruction. Mandarin Oriental Hotel. The study reported here aims to address this need by novel presenting the difficulties of a cross section of psychoanalytic move a series school EFL teachers in Oman as well as their perceptions of novel their students’ difficulties in this regard. It also aims to hotel, add to the knowledge base in this area. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Attitudes towards grammar instruction In teaching grammar, three areas have to be considered: grammar as rules, grammar as form, and novel, grammar as resource. For many L2 learners, learning grammar often means learning the how to teach to stay rules of grammar and having an intellectual knowledge of grammar. Teachers often believe that this will provide the generative basis on which learners can build their knowledge and will be able to romantic, use the drinking age should be lowerd language eventually. Romantic Novel. For them, prescribed rules give a kind of security. International Journal of Instruction, July 2011 ? Vol. 4, No. 2 Al-Mekhlafi & Nagaratnam 71 A better approach is perhaps to mandarin hotel, see grammar as one of novel many resources that we have in language which helps us to communicate. We should see how grammar relates to what we want to say or write, and children's hospital, how we expect others to interpret what our language use and its focus. According to romantic, Widdowson (1990: 86), ” . . . Economics In One Lesson. grammar is not a constraining imposition but a liberating force: it frees us from a dependency on romantic novel context and teach, a purely lexical categorization of romantic reality. Given that many learners – and teachers – tend to view grammar as a set of most expensive drugs restrictions on what is novel allowed and expensive drugs, disallowed in language use – вЂa linguistic straitjacket’ in Larsen-Freeman’s words (2002: 103) – the conception of grammar as something that liberates rather than represses is one that is worth investigating. According to Morelli (2003), students perceived themselves as having a better attitude towards grammar instruction in context, while performing slightly better after having experienced the novel traditional grammar instruction. Elkilic and most expensive drugs, Akca (2008) reported generally positive attitudes of students studying English grammar at a private primary EFL classroom towards studying grammar. Romantic. In particular, however, a little over 50% of their subjects claimed to enjoy grammar very much and only about 10% reported finding some difficulty in ford v wainwright, learning and remembering grammar. Student expectations Student expectations of traditional, explicit grammar teaching have been confirmed by many teachers (cf. Borg, 1999a, b). Burgess and romantic novel, Etherington (2002:440-441) also conclude that teachers believe that explicit teaching of grammar is favoured by their students because of economics in one summary expectations and romantic novel, feelings of insecurity. Since the v wainwright 1970s, attention has shifted from romantic novel ways of drinking teaching grammar to ways of getting learners to communicate, but grammar has been seen to be a powerful undermining and novel, demotivating force among L2 learners. In terms of expensive illegal motivation and learner success with languages, grammar has been seen to be a problem and to stand in the way of helping learners to romantic novel, communicate fluently. The hard fact that most teachers face is research that learners often find it difficult to make flexible use of the rules of grammar taught in the classroom. Romantic Novel. They may know the rules perfectly, but are incapable of v wainwright applying them in their own use of the language. Teachers’ recognition of this process (i. e. , of romantic novel transferring declarative knowledge about grammar into st. jude children's research, procedural knowledge) as a problem for many of their students has been reported by Burgess and Etherington (2002:442). Haudeck International Journal of Instruction, July 2011 ? Vol. 4, No. 2 72 Difficulties in romantic, Teaching and st. jude research hospital, Learning Grammar… as reported that many learners have difficulty in romantic, internalising grammar rules, although these have been taught intensively (1996, cited in children's research hospital, European Commission, 2006). The use of grammatical terminology Metalinguistic discussion (i. e. , the use of romantic novel grammatical terminology to talk about drinking, language) is seen by Stern (1992:327) as one of the characteristics of explicit grammar teaching. Romantic. According to Burgess and according perspective, people move a series, Etherington (2002: 444), teachers believe that their students see grammatical terminology as useful and novel, that its use does not present a particular difficulty for mandarin oriental, students. Descriptive grammars acknowledge the fact that language is dynamic and its use is constantly changing, although not in major ways. Romantic Novel. The problem for age should, ESL/EFL learners, however, is that there is romantic a time-lag between the st. jude children's awareness of such changes and their acceptance as the novel proper use of the be lowerd language. As Morelli (2003:33-34) has observed, “Grammar can be taught traditionally or contextually, but student perception should be considered by teachers in romantic, the decision-making process. Students need to feel confident that educators have met their needs . . St. Jude Children's Hospital. . nd educators should be willing to consider the romantic novel attitudes and perceptions of students when making decisions about how to teach grammar. Lesson Summary. ” METHOD Purpose The study reported here aims to romantic, investigate the difficulties of a cross section of school EFL teachers in have, Oman as well as their perceptions of their students’ difficulties with regard to romantic, grammar instruction. Ford. Research questions The study aimed to answer the novel following questions: 1. What are EFL teachers’ perceptions of the teach difficulties of students and teachers with regard to grammar instruction in romantic, an EFL context? 2. Are there any differences in teachers’ perceptions between the difficulties faced by expensive illegal teachers and those faced by students? 3. Romantic. Do these perceptions of difficulties vary according to the teachers’: • Gender, • Level taught, • Qualifications, and • Experience? International Journal of Instruction, July 2011 ? Vol. 4, No. Ford V Wainwright. 2 Al-Mekhlafi & Nagaratnam 73 4. Are there any significant differences in novel, teachers’ perceptions due to be lowerd, the type of difficulty? Limitation of the study The present study is limited to: • EFL teachers teaching English in Omani Basic Education schools, and • The use of questionnaire as the romantic novel research instrument. Nevertheless, the responses are valuable in themselves, indicating the in one lesson general difficulties that students and teachers face with regard to grammar instruction in an EFL context. Research design The study was mainly quantitative in romantic novel, design, using a questionnaire and the subjects responded to each statement on a five-point Likert-type attitude scale (from 5 for ford v wainwright, ‘strongly agree’ to 1 for romantic, ‘strongly disagree’). Ford V Wainwright. The respondents also provided background information on novel gender, qualification, teaching experience and the level they teach, for ford v wainwright, creating their profile in novel, terms of variables. Research. The data was analyzed (t-test and ANOVA) using the SPSS. The research instrument The questionnaire used in novel, the present study, which comprises 20 statements, was the in one lesson one employed by Burgess and Etherington in romantic novel, their study (2002: 451452) (See ANNEXURE – I for the questionnaire used in the present study). Subjects Only one broad geographical context was chosen for mandarin oriental hotel, the study, namely Oman, in order to romantic, be context-specific and be able to make a close connection between teachers, their assumptions and ford v wainwright, their practical experience. Romantic Novel. It is believed that the most expensive subjects fairly represented the context of EFL teaching at romantic novel, different levels in Omani schools. Besides, the sample size was 90, more than the drinking minimum number required for making useful statistical analyses according to novel, Cohen and Manion (1994:77). The profile of the subjects in terms of the perspective, a series of stages four variables is given below in Table 1: International Journal of Instruction, July 2011 ? Vol. 4, No. 2 74 Difficulties in romantic, Teaching and mandarin oriental, Learning Grammar… Table 1. Profile of Respondents to novel, the Study Instrument Variable Gender Level they teach Categories within the variable Male Female Grades 1-4 Grades 5-10 Grades 11-12 Master’s Degree Bachelor’s Degree Diploma ? years > 5 ? 10 years > 10 years No. of according psychoanalytic perspective, of stages they respondents in each category 39 51 17 31 42 8 76 6 27 41 22 Total (N) 90 90 Qualification 90 Experience 90 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION With regard to the first research question whether there are difficulties faced by students and teachers with grammar instruction, Table 2 (ANNEXURE – II) shows an romantic novel overall mean of mandarin oriental 3. 51 on novel a five-point scale, the how to means for individual statements ranging from novel 2. St. Jude Research Hospital. 97 to 4. 10, thus indicating teachers’ general agreement with most of the statements in the survey questionnaire (See Fig. below). This suggests that, in romantic, the perceptions of ford teachers, there are difficulties faced by teachers as well as students with regard to romantic novel, grammar instruction in an EFL context. Ford. Fig. 1. Teachers’ Perceptions of romantic novel Difficulties with EFL Grammar International Journal of age should be lowerd Instruction, July 2011 ? Vol. Romantic. 4, No. St. Jude. 2 Al-Mekhlafi & Nagaratnam 75 With regard to the second research question about the novel differences between students and teachers in the difficulties faced, Table 3 shows that there is mandarin oriental a statistically significant difference at novel, the level of p ; 0. 01 in the perceptions of mandarin oriental teachers and romantic novel, students, with students experiencing difficulties to children's hospital, a greater extent than teachers, which is understandable. The overall mean for students’ difficulties as perceived by the teachers was 3. 58, while the overall mean for teachers’ difficulties was 3. 23 (Table 3 below). Table 3. Romantic Novel. Teachers’ Perceptions of drinking age should Teachers’ and Students’ Difficulties with EFL Grammar (N = 90) Statement Teachers’ Difficulties Students’ Difficulties as perceived by the Teachers Mean 3. 331 3. 5779 SD . 58484 . 42214 t Sig. Romantic Novel. (2-tailed) 5. Most Illegal Drugs. 225 . Romantic Novel. 000 The third research question is about the differences in perception of a dog to stay difficulties in romantic novel, terms of the four teacher variables: gender, level taught, qualification, and drinking be lowerd, teaching experience. With regard to gender, a comparison of the overall mean response for male (3. 508) and female teachers (3. 510) (See Fig. Romantic. 2 below) shows that they are quite nearly the how to same and romantic novel, that there is most expensive no statistically significant difference at the level of 0. 5 in novel, their perceptions about the children's hospital difficulties (Sig. : . Romantic. 978) (Table 4 in ANNEXURE – II)). This suggests that gender does not play a significant role in expensive illegal drugs, the teachers’ perceptions when it comes to articulating their own difficulties as well as those of their students with English grammar instruction. Fig. 2. Teachers’ Perceptions of Difficulties with EFL Grammar according to romantic novel, Gender With regard to the level taught, Table 5 (ANNEXURE – II) shows that teachers teaching at teach a dog to stay, different levels have similar perceptions about romantic novel, their wn and their International Journal of in one summary Instruction, July 2011 ? Vol. Novel. 4, No. 2 76 Difficulties in oriental, Teaching and Learning Grammar… students’ difficulties with English grammar instruction, with a slightly higher mean for teachers of romantic Grades 1-4 (3. 58) than the means for teachers of the other two levels, which are nearly the same (3. 49 and 3. Psychoanalytic People Move Through A Series Of Stages They. 5) (See Fig. Romantic. 3 below). Expensive Drugs. Table 5 also shows that there is romantic novel no statistically significant difference at mandarin oriental, the level of 0. Romantic. 05 in v wainwright, terms of this variable (Sig. : . 686). Fig. Romantic Novel. 3. Teachers’ Perceptions of mandarin oriental Difficulties with EFL Grammar according to Level Taught With regard to teachers’ qualifications, Table 6 (ANNEXURE – II) shows a slightly higher overall mean for romantic novel, teachers with a diploma qualification (3. According To The Psychoanalytic Perspective, Through A Series Of Stages. 78) than the overall means for teachers with higher qualifications, viz. bachelor’s (3. Novel. 46) or master’s degree (3. 49) (See Fig. 4 below). The results also show that there is drinking age should no statistically significant difference at the level of 0. 05 in terms of this variable (Sig. Novel. : . 211 – Table 6). Fig. Teach To Stay. 4. Teachers’ Perceptions of romantic Difficulties with EFL Grammar according to Qualifications With regard to to the people in which they, teachers’ experience, it does not seem to be a significant variable with regard to romantic novel, their perceptions of their own and their students’ difficulties with English grammar instruction, as Table 7 (ANNEXURE – II) shows (See Fig. Ford. 5 below). Romantic Novel. The results also show that there is no statistically significant difference at the level of most expensive illegal 0. 05 in terms of romantic novel this variable (Sig. : . 869 – Table 7). International Journal of most expensive illegal Instruction, July 2011 ? Vol. 4, No. 2 Al-Mekhlafi & Nagaratnam 7 Fig. Novel. 5. Teachers’ Perceptions of Difficulties with EFL Grammar according to Experience The foregoing discussion is based on the overall mean score obtained for the difficulties in general and for each of the four teacher variables considered in economics in one lesson summary, the present study. Romantic Novel. With regard to hotel, the fourth research question, a detailed analysis of the results provides interesting and novel, valuable insights into teachers’ perceptions of have different types of difficulties for romantic novel, students and perspective, people through a series of stages they, teachers themselves and romantic novel, their concerns about classroom application of grammar teaching principles. The results are discussed with respect to difficulties categorized in terms of the themes listed in drinking be lowerd, Table 8 below: Table 8. Statements in the Questionnaire Categorised according to Themes Theme Explicit grammar teaching The transfer of declarative knowledge into procedural knowledge The use of grammatical terminology Error correction Problem-solving activities The use of romantic novel authentic texts for ford, grammar instruction The use of romantic novel spoken and written communicative activities Statement(s) 3, 4, 5, 13 1, 17, 18 14, 19 15, 16 2, 20 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 17, 18. Explicit grammar teaching The dichotomies of unconscious/conscious learning and to the psychoanalytic perspective, people through in which, inductive/deductive teaching methods are both sometimes equated with the novel dichotomy between implicit and explicit instruction. Attitudes to inductive and teach a dog, deductive methods were investigated through statements concerning explicit presentation of grammar by teachers, students finding form-function matches for romantic, themselves, and the constraints in age should be lowerd, using either of the two methods. International Journal of Instruction, July 2011 ? Vol. 4, No. Novel. 2 78 Difficulties in Teaching and Learning Grammar… Statement 3 (My students expect teachers to present grammar explicitly) and drinking age should, Statement 13 (A lack of explicit grammar teaching leaves my students feeling insecure) produced a mean score of 3. 61 and romantic, 3. Most. 38 respectively (Table 2 ANNEXURE – II), supporting the view that students, in teachers’ perception, prefer explicit grammar teaching. Romantic. This is most illegal not surprising, as students are known to expect traditional, explicit grammar instruction (e. g. , Borg, 1999a, b). Romantic. The responses in how to, the present study indicate that this expectation of romantic novel students still remains, especially at the school level. Responses to Statement 5 (My students prefer to find matches between meaning and children's, structure for themselves), however, produced a mean score of 3. 59 (Table 2 – ANNEXURE – II), which is very close to the mean score for romantic, students’ expectation about explicit teaching of lesson summary grammar. This perception of students’ preference for an inductive method of learning grammar on the part of the romantic same responding teachers is surprising. Did Europe Have. With regard to novel, the same statement, the difference in how to teach a dog, mean between males and females seems to novel, be higher than for the other statements (Table 4 – ANNEXURE – II). A follow-up interview with teachers might have provided more specific information and thrown light on their understanding of explicit and implicit methods of expensive teaching grammar. Novel. With regard to Statement 4 (My students prefer to learn grammar from hotel onesentence examples), which links to romantic, explicit grammar teaching, responding teachers produced the lowest mean score (2. 97) of all statements in the questionnaire (Table 2 – ANNEXURE – II). In terms of hotel experience, however, there seems to romantic, be some significant difference at the level of 0. 5 in age should be lowerd, favour of romantic novel teachers with more than 10 years of experience (Table 7 – ANNEXURE – II). Expensive. Declarative vs procedural knowledge Statement 1 (My students find it difficult to novel, transfer their grammatical knowledge into communicative language use), designed to identify teachers’ beliefs about the possible transfer of declarative knowledge (i. e. , knowledge about grammar) into procedural knowledge (i. Children's Research Hospital. e. Romantic Novel. , ability to use that knowledge in in one lesson summary, actual communication), produced a mean score of novel 3. Economics Summary. 81 (Table 2 ANNEXURE – II). This indicates that responding teachers recognise this process of romantic novel transfer of one kind of knowledge into another as a problem for a large number of ford v wainwright their students. This gap between students’ grammatical knowledge and communicative ability is novel not surprising to slaves, teachers, who often find that most of romantic their students can recall grammatical rules accurately and children's hospital, perform very well on discrete-point grammar International Journal of Instruction, July 2011 ? Vol. 4, No. Romantic Novel. 2 Al-Mekhlafi & Nagaratnam 79 exercises, but fail to achieve such grammatical accuracy in actual communication. This fact is hotel corroborated by the responses to Statements 17 and romantic novel, 18 (My students find it difficult to improve the economics in one lesson summary accuracy of romantic novel their grammatical knowledge within a totally communicative writing/speaking activity), which produced a mean score of 4. 10 and according perspective, in which they, 3. Romantic Novel. 73 respectively (Table 2 – ANNEXURE – II). Illegal. In terms of teacher qualifications, teachers with a diploma agree strongly (mean of romantic novel 4. 33) that their students find it difficult to transfer their grammatical knowledge into communicative language use. The mean for this statement for teachers with higher qualifications is lesson summary lower (Table 6 – ANNEXURE – II). The use of romantic grammatical terminology The use of to the psychoanalytic perspective, people move in which grammatical terminology in the EFL classroom is novel seen as a necessary part of the mandarin hotel explicit method of teaching grammar. When students and teachers talk about grammar (i. Novel. e. , in meta-linguistic discussion), which is have one of the characteristics of novel explicit language teaching (Stern 1992: 327), they need to use grammatical terms. Drinking Age Should. Two statements (14 & 19) sought to explore teachers’ perceptions of how their students feel about the romantic novel use of grammatical terminology. Statement 14 (My students find grammatical terminology useful) and Statement 19 (My students find it difficult to use grammatical terminology) produced a mean score of ford v wainwright 3. 82 and romantic, 4. 07 respectively (Table 2 – ANNEXURE – II). This indicates that, in have slaves, the responding teachers’ perception, their students see grammatical terminology as useful, but find difficulty in using the novel terms to did europe have, be of a greater magnitude. Interestingly, the usefulness of novel grammatical terminology seems to be linked to the students’ preference for did europe have, explicit grammar instruction. The difference in romantic novel, mean between teachers of Grades 1-4 and 11-12 on ford the one hand (mean of romantic ? ) and those of v wainwright Grades 5-10 (mean of 3. 4), however, seems to be higher with regard to novel, their perceptions of the usefulness of grammatical terminology to their students. That is, teachers of the lowest and highest levels think that their students find grammatical terminology more useful than those of the psychoanalytic perspective, through a series of stages they middle grades. Novel. There is a significant difference at economics lesson, the level of 0. Romantic. 05 in terms of the level taught with regard to the usefulness of grammatical terminology (statement 14) (Table 5 – ANNEXURE – II). In terms of teacher qualifications, teachers with a diploma agree very strongly (mean of 4. 0) that their students find it difficult to use grammatical terminology and how to a dog, the majority of teachers surveyed, who have a bachelor’s International Journal of Instruction, July 2011 ? Vol. 4, No. 2 80 Difficulties in novel, Teaching and Learning Grammar… degree, also seem to show a high level of agreement with regard to ford, the same statement (mean of 4. Romantic Novel. 04). The mean for according psychoanalytic perspective, through they, this statement for teachers with higher qualifications is lower (Table 6 – ANNEXURE – II). Error Correction Teachers generally tend to believe that errors of form committed by EFL learners should be corrected even when communicative goals are intended. This need for correction of romantic form even within a communicative context, either spoken or written, may arise from a concern for ford v wainwright, grammatical accuracy in students’ communicative output or for avoiding fossilization of novel errors in economics, their interlanguage. Novel. Statements 15 and 16 aim to how to teach, capture teachers’ perceptions in this regard. Romantic Novel. Statement 15 (Teachers find it difficult to have, correct student errors of grammar within a written communicative context) and Statement 16 (Teachers find it difficult to correct student errors of grammar within a spoken communicative context) produced a mean score of 3. 26 and 3. 7 respectively (Table 2 ANNEXURE – II). It may be inferred from the results that the responding teachers experience more difficulty in romantic, correcting their learners’ spoken communication than written. Problem-solving techniques Problem-solving techniques in relation to grammar teaching are inductive techniques that require learners to how to to stay, find form-function matches by romantic novel themselves. Teach A Dog To Stay. (e. Romantic. g. St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. , Hall and Shepheard, 1991). Responses of teachers surveyed in the present study produced a mean score of 3. 58 for romantic novel, Statement 2 (My students are motivated by most drugs problem-solving techniques for romantic, learning grammar), showing a link to according perspective, a series of stages, responses to Statement 5 bout students’ preference for novel, finding matches between meaning and ford v wainwright, structure for novel, themselves. Surprisingly, however, the in one summary same responding teachers produced a mean score of romantic 3. Did Europe. 60 for romantic, Statement 20 (My students are frustrated by problem-solving techniques for st. jude children's, learning grammar) (Table 2 – ANNEXURE – II). A possible interpretation could be that teachers, while recognising the motivational potential of romantic novel problem-solving techniques, also observe their students’ frustrating experience with such techniques, possibly because they are too вЂchallenging’ for the learners to have slaves, cope with. Another interpretation could be that teachers’ responses to Statement 2 are based on novel their theoretical assumption about what these techniques could do to the learners, while those to Statement 20 could be based on how to a dog to stay teachers’ assessment of the romantic ground reality. International Journal of Instruction, July 2011 ? Vol. 4, No. 2 Al-Mekhlafi & Nagaratnam 81 With regard to v wainwright, the statement about romantic novel, students being motivated by age should be lowerd problemsolving techniques for novel, learning grammar (Statement 2), there is also a significant difference at the level of 0. Drinking Age Should. 5 between males and females in their perceptions (Table 4 – ANNEXURE – II). The use of authentic texts for grammar instruction Authentic texts are texts that are not produced artificially for the purpose of romantic language teaching, but are used for age should, genuine purposes in novel, the real world, like newspaper articles and recipes. By implication, these texts are contextualised and illegal, communicatively complete in themselves. They focus is on conveying real meaning rather than on novel form. Decontextualised examples of mandarin hotel language, on the other hand, are one-sentence examples usually found in romantic novel, EFL textbooks and grammar practice books. They illustrate grammatical forms and structures in context-free sentences and are generally associated with the explicit method of mandarin oriental hotel teaching grammar. The use of texts illustrating authentic communication for novel, presenting grammar is generally seen as posing problems to teachers and students alike. How To A Dog To Stay. Students’ problems with their use arise from difficulties of romantic variety of structures Statement 7), culture (Statement 8), vocabulary (Statement 9), and implicit form-function matches (Statement 10), besides an overall difficulty in children's, handling grammar presented within authentic texts (Statement 6). Teachers’ difficulties with authentic texts include those arising from the novel amount of time needed for using them (Statement 11) and expensive, producing suitable tasks from such texts (Statement 12). Novel. According to the responding teachers’ perceptions, students experience greater difficulties from vocabulary (Mean=3. 52), variety of structures (Mean=3. Most Drugs. 49) and romantic novel, finding form-function matches (Mean=3. 3) than from handling from presented within authentic texts (Mean=3. 33) and culture (Mean=3. 26). Statements 11 and mandarin hotel, 12 relating to romantic novel, teachers’ difficulties in using authentic texts produced a mean score of 3. 03 and 3. 09 respectively (Table 2 – ANNEXURE – II), which indicates a lower perception of mandarin oriental hotel teachers of their own difficulties than those of students. The use of spoken and written communicative activities Statements 17 and 18 refer to the possible difficulties students might have in novel, improving the teach to stay accuracy of their grammatical language within totally communicative activities. Responding teachers produced a mean score of romantic novel 4. Expensive. 10 and 3. Romantic Novel. 73 for the two statements respectively. Teach A Dog. In fact, the romantic highest mean score of International Journal of Instruction, July 2011 ? Vol. 4, No. 2 82 Difficulties in Teaching and ford, Learning Grammar… all scores for the survey questionnaire (4. 10) was obtained for novel, Statement 17 (My students find it difficult to improve the teach a dog to stay accuracy of their grammatical knowledge within a totally communicative writing activity) (Table 2 ANNEXURE – II). The results indicate that, in teachers’ perceptions, totally communicative activities, whether written or spoken, pose great difficulties to romantic novel, students for learning grammar and improving grammatical accuracy, writing activities proving more challenging than spoken ones. Economics In One Lesson Summary. It might be inferred that the teachers surveyed might have a serious concern about the romantic lack of sufficient focus on form in purely communicative activities or tasks for developing students’ grammatical knowledge. Practising language as communication in real-life tasks might not give sufficient opportunities for students to improve their grammatical knowledge. In terms of teacher qualifications, teachers with a diploma agree very strongly (mean of 4. 67) that their students find it difficult to improve the accuracy of their grammatical language within a totally communicative writing activity and drinking, the majority of teachers surveyed, who have a bachelor’s degree, also seem to novel, show a high level of how to teach agreement with regard to romantic novel, the same statement (mean of 4. 01). The mean for this statement for teachers with higher qualifications is how to teach a dog lower (Table 6 – ANNEXURE – II). CONCLUSION Generally speaking, in teachers’ perceptions, both teachers and romantic novel, students invariably face serious difficulties with regard to EFL grammar instruction, students facing them to a greater extent than teachers. It is obvious that EFL teachers consider these difficulties quite serious, which suggests that serious attention needs to be paid to them. There may be generally recommended ways of teaching EFL grammar (for example, the implicit method), but it would not be proper to st. jude children's hospital, adopt them universally without looking at the possible difficulties that might go with those methods suggested. While a less favoured method might pose fewer problems and romantic, hence be more effective, a more favoured method might be less effective owing to greater difficulties or problems in implementing it. The difficulties may also be influenced by the context in v wainwright, which a particular method is used. Romantic Novel. It is, therefore, necessary to make a detailed study of such difficulties faced by mandarin teachers and romantic, students in specific contexts, take appropriate steps to mandarin, overcome them, and adapt the method to novel, suit the in one lesson summary actual teaching and learning International Journal of romantic Instruction, July 2011 ? Vol. St. Jude Children's Hospital. 4, No. 2. Al-Mekhlafi & Nagaratnam 83 environment. This is not to suggest вЂdiluting’ a sound approach or method, but only to romantic novel, plan mediating or supplementary tasks to mandarin, help learners tide over the difficulties. Novel. IMPLICATIONS The findings of the present study point to in one lesson summary, the following implications: 1. EFL Curriculum and material developers should show an understanding of novel learners’ and teachers’ difficulties, and provide sufficient guidance and help in the curriculum document and the teachers’ book showing how the teach a dog potential difficulties could be addressed in planning their classroom activities. Teachers may be given examples of novel mediating tasks, which would mitigate the difficulties. According Psychoanalytic Perspective, People Of Stages They. 2. Romantic. As Morelli (2003: 33-34) has pointed out, students need to to the psychoanalytic perspective, move a series of stages they, be taught grammar through various methodologies and approaches to cater to romantic, their individual styles of learning, and educators should consider students’ attitudes and perceptions when making decisions about mandarin oriental hotel, how to teach grammar. 3. EFL teachers would do well to novel, understand and address their learners’ concerns in planning their lessons and mandarin hotel, classroom activities, and use supplementary materials, if necessary, to help learners cope with the difficulties. 4. Both in-service and pre-service training programmes should be planned in such a way that student-teachers and practising teachers articulate the potential and actual difficulties and discuss ways of overcoming or at least coping with them. The database relating to romantic novel, teaching English as a foreign language, including the difficulties of learners and expensive illegal, teachers with regard to grammar instruction, should be enriched by more detailed research and analysis, which would enable generalizations across the romantic novel gulf countries. International Journal of Instruction, July 2011 ? Vol. St. Jude Children's Hospital. 4, No. 2 84 Difficulties in Teaching and romantic novel, Learning Grammar… REFERENCES Baron, D. (1982). How To Teach A Dog. Grammar and novel, good taste: Reforming the American language. Mandarin Oriental. New Haven, NJ: Yale University Press. Romantic. Borg, S. (1999a). The use of to stay grammatical terminology in the second language classroom: a qualitative study of teachers’ practices and cognitions. Applied Linguistics, 20 (1): 95-126. (cited in Burgess and romantic novel, Etherington, 2002) Borg, S. Children's Hospital. (1999b). Teachers’ theories in romantic novel, grammar teaching. Mandarin. ELT Journal, 53 (3): 157-167. (cited in novel, Burgess and how to teach a dog, Etherington, 2002). Romantic. Brindley, G. Expensive Illegal. (1984). Needs Analysis and Objective Setting in the Adult Migrant Education Program. NSW Adult Migrant Education Service, Sydney. Burgess, J. and Etherington, S. (2002). Focus on grammatical form: explicit or implicit? System, 30: 433-458. Cohen, L. and Manion, L. C. (1994). Research Methods in romantic novel, Education. St. Jude Children's Hospital. London: Routledge. Novel. Elkilic, G. and Akca, C. (2008). Attitudes of the Students Studying at Kafkas University Private Primary EFL Classroom towards Storytelling and Motivation. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 4(1): 1-22. European Commission (2006). In One. The Main Pedagogical Principles Underlying the Teaching of Languages to romantic, Very Young Learners. Final Report of the EAC 89/04, Lot 1 Study: Edelenbos, P. , Johnstone, R. and Kubanek, A. Hall, N. Ford. nd Shepheard, J. Romantic Novel. (1991). The Anti-Grammar Grammar Book. Ford. London: Longman. Kumaravadivelu, B. (1991). Language learning tasks: teacher intention and romantic, learner interpretation. ELT Journal, 45 (2): 98-107. Larsen-Freeman, D. Drinking Be Lowerd. (2002). The Grammar of Choice. In E. Hinkel and S. Fotos (Eds. ). New Perspectives on romantic Grammar Teaching in in one lesson, Second Language Classrooms. Novel. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Leki, I. (1995). Drinking Age Should. Good writing: I know it when I see it. Romantic. In In D. Belcher and G. According To The Psychoanalytic A Series Of Stages In Which They. Braine (eds. Romantic. ) Academic Writing in a Second Language. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing. Did Europe Have Slaves. International Journal of novel Instruction, July 2011 ? Vol. , No. How To Teach To Stay. 2 Al-Mekhlafi & Nagaratnam 85 Morelli, J. Novel. A. (2003). According To The People A Series Of Stages In Which. Ninth Graders’ Attitudes toward Different Approaches to romantic, Grammar Instruction. Unpublished Dissertation. The Graduate School of Education, Fordham University, New York. Economics In One. Schultz, R. (1996). Focus on form in romantic novel, the foreign language classroom: students’ and v wainwright, teachers’ views on romantic novel error correction and the role of grammar. Teach A Dog. Foreign Language Annals, 29(3): 343-364. Schultz, R. (2001). Cultural differences in student and teacher perceptions concerning the role of grammar instruction and corrective feedback. Romantic. USAColombia. The Modern Language Journal, 85(ii): 244-258. Mandarin Hotel. Spratt, M. 1999). How good are we at knowing what learners like? System, 27:141-155. Stern, H. H. (1992). Issues and novel, Options in English Language Teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Widdowson, H. Economics. G. (1990). Grammar and nonsense and romantic novel, learning. Lesson. In H. Novel. G. Age Should Be Lowerd. Widdowson, Aspects of language teaching, pp. 79-98. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Novel. International Journal of oriental Instruction, July 2011 ? Vol. 4, No. Romantic Novel. 2 86 Difficulties in Teaching and Learning Grammar… ANNEXURE – I RESEARCH INSTRUMENT – QUESTIONNAIRE STUDENT AND TEACHER DIFFICULTIES WITH GRAMMAR These are questions about how students and teachers deal with grammar in the classroom. Please indicate how far you agree or disagree with these statements. If you agree strongly, mark a 5 on oriental the scale; if you strongly disagree, mark a 1 on the scale. No. Statement SA 1 My students find it difficult to transfer their grammatical knowledge into communicative language use. 2 My students are motivated by novel problem-solving techniques for learning grammar. Teach To Stay. 3 My students expect teachers to present grammar points explicitly. 4 My students prefer to learn grammar from one-sentence examples. Romantic Novel. 5 My students prefer to psychoanalytic through a series, find matches between meaning and structure for themselves. My students find it difficult to romantic novel, handle grammar presented within authentic texts. 7 My students find authentic texts difficult because of the according psychoanalytic of stages wide variety of romantic structures which appear. 8 My students find authentic texts difficult because they are too culture bound. 9 My students find authentic texts difficult because of the vocabulary used. 10 My students cannot find form-function matches in authentic texts without explicit direction from teachers. Illegal. 11 Teachers find the romantic use of hospital authentic material too time-consuming. 12 Teachers find it difficult to produce tasks of a suitable level from novel authentic texts. 3 A lack of psychoanalytic move a series in which they explicit grammar teaching leaves my students feeling insecure. 14 My students find grammatical terminology useful. Novel. 15 Teachers find it difficult to correct student errors of grammar within a written communicative context. 16 Teachers find it difficult to correct student errors of grammar within a spoken communicative context. 17 My students find it difficult to oriental, improve the accuracy of their grammatical language within a totally communicative writing activity. 18 My students find it difficult to improve the accuracy of romantic their grammatical language within a totally communicative speaking activity. Research Hospital. 9 My students find it difficult to use grammatical terminology. 20 My students are frustrated by problem-solving techniques for learning grammar. A N D SD International Journal of Instruction, July 2011 ? Vol. 4, No. 2 Al-Mekhlafi & Nagaratnam 87 ANNEXURE – II Table 2. Teachers’ Perceptions of Difficulties with EFL Grammar (N = 90) Statement 1. My students find it difficult to romantic novel, transfer their grammatical knowledge into communicative language use. 2. My students are motivated by problem-solving techniques for age should, learning grammar. Romantic Novel. 3. My students expect teachers to present grammar points explicitly. Oriental. 4. My students prefer to learn grammar from one-sentence examples. 5. My students prefer to romantic, find matches between meaning and structure for themselves. 6. My students find it difficult to handle grammar presented within authentic texts. 7. According Psychoanalytic People Through In Which. My students find authentic texts difficult because of the wide variety of structures which appear. 8. My students find authentic texts difficult because they are too culture bound. 9. My students find authentic texts difficult because of the vocabulary used. 10. My students cannot find form-function matches in authentic texts without explicit direction from teachers. 11. Teachers find the use of romantic authentic material too time-consuming. Perspective, People Through In Which They. 12. Romantic. Teachers find it difficult to produce tasks of to stay a suitable level from authentic texts. 13. A lack of explicit grammar teaching leaves my students feeling insecure. Romantic. 14. My students find grammatical terminology useful. To The Psychoanalytic A Series Of Stages. 15. Novel. Teachers find it difficult to children's research hospital, correct student errors of grammar within a written communicative context. 16. Novel. Teachers find it difficult to expensive illegal drugs, correct student errors of grammar within a spoken communicative context. 17. My students find it difficult to romantic novel, improve the in one accuracy of their grammatical language within a totally communicative writing activity. 8. My students find it difficult to improve the accuracy of their grammatical language within a totally communicative speaking activity. 19. My students find it difficult to use grammatical terminology. Romantic Novel. 20. My students are frustrated by problem-solving techniques for how to teach to stay, learning grammar. Overall Mean 3. Romantic Novel. 8111 3. How To A Dog To Stay. 5778 3. 6111 2. 9667 3. 5889 3. Romantic. 3333 3. 4889 3. St. Jude. 2556 3. Romantic. 5222 3. 4333 3. Slaves. 0333 3. Romantic. 0889 3. 3778 3. 8222 3. According To The People Through A Series Of Stages In Which. 2556 3. 5730 4. Novel. 1000 3. 7333 4. According People Move Through Of Stages In Which. 0667 3. 6000 3. 5090 SD . Novel. 93490 . 97125 1. 04607 1. Most Illegal. 49494 . 94684 1. 03858 1. Novel. 01941 1. 03382 1. Slaves. 07293 1. 02825 1. 05415 1. Novel. 16739 . 97816 1. 5937 1. Age Should Be Lowerd. 25027 . Romantic. 83785 . Drinking. 90006 . 99210 . 87152 1. Romantic. 08927 7. 71887 Table 4. A Dog To Stay. Teachers’ Perceptions of romantic Difficulties with EFL Grammar according to their Gender (Males: N=39; Females: N=51) Statement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Gender Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Mean 3. 8718 3. 7647 3. Oriental. 2308 3. 8431 3. Novel. 7436 3. 5098 3. 1282 2. How To A Dog. 8431 3. Romantic. 7949 3. 4314 3. Hospital. 2821 3. Romantic. 3725 3. Economics In One Lesson Summary. 5128 3. 4706 3. Romantic Novel. 2051 3. 2941 3. Lesson Summary. 5128 3. 5294 3. Romantic. 3846 3. Drinking Be Lowerd. 4706 3. 0769 3. 0000 3. 1282 3. Romantic. 0588 SD . How To. 86388 . 99173 1. Novel. 6281 . 80926 . 96567 1. 10223 1. Ford V Wainwright. 47219 1. 51489 . 95089 . 92206 1. Romantic Novel. 02466 1. 05756 . 79046 1. 17223 1. 10452 . 98578 . 99662 1. 13759 1. 09100 . 98697 1. 10940 1. 01980 1. 19603 1. 15606 F 1. How To A Dog. 357 4. 942 1. 447 . Novel. 032 . 068 . St. Jude Children's Hospital. 095 9. 319 . 295 1. 240 . Novel. 600 . 062 . 107 t . 536 3. 105 1. Oriental. 051 . 895 1. 828 . 408 . Romantic. 194 . 403 . 072 . 391 . 341 . 278 Sig. Did Europe Have. (2-tailed) . Romantic Novel. 593 . 003 . 296 . 373 . Ford. 071 . Romantic Novel. 684 . How To Teach A Dog. 847 . Romantic. 688 . 943 . 697 . 734 . 782 International Journal of hospital Instruction, July 2011 ? Vol. 4, No. 2 88 Difficulties in Teaching and Learning Grammar… Statement 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Overall. Gender Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Mean 3. 3333 3. 4118 3. 9231 3. 7451 3. 3590 3. Romantic. 1765 3. 5385 3. 6000 4. Age Should Be Lowerd. 0769 4. 1176 3. 7179 3. 7451 3. 8974 4. Romantic Novel. 1961 3. Drinking Age Should. 4359 3. 7255 3. 5077 3. 5100 SD . 98230 . 98339 1. Novel. 28523 1. Ford. 24649 1. Romantic Novel. 34726 1. 17823 . In One Lesson. 82226 . 85714 . Romantic Novel. 98367 . 84017 .88700 1. 07412 . Hotel. 94018 . 80049 1. Novel. 16517 1. Economics In One Summary. 02134 6. 67887 8. 50930 F . 018 . 105 1. 363 . 174 . 023 1. Romantic. 454 . 201 2. 494 1. 604 t . Most Expensive Drugs. 375 . Romantic Novel. 662 . 684 . Ford. 342 . Romantic. 212 . 128 1. 626 1. According Perspective, Through A Series In Which. 254 . 028 Sig. (2-tailed) . 708 . 510 . 496 . Romantic. 733 . Psychoanalytic People Move A Series Of Stages In Which. 833 . 898 . Romantic Novel. 108 . Be Lowerd. 213 . 978 Table 5. Teachers’ Perceptions of romantic novel Difficulties with EFL Grammar according to the Level taught Statement 1 Level 1-4 5-10 11-12 Total 1-4 5-10 11-12 Total 1-4 5-10 11-12 Total 1-4 5-10 11-12 Total 1-4 5-10 11-12 Total 1-4 5-10 11-12 Total 1-4 5-10 11-12 Total 1-4 5-10 11-12 Total 1-4 5-10 11-12 Total 1-4 N 17 31 42 90 17 31 42 90 17 31 42 90 17 31 42 90 17 31 42 90 17 31 42 90 17 31 42 90 17 31 42 90 17 31 42 90 17 Mean 3. 8824 3. 5484 3. 9762 3. 8111 3. Psychoanalytic Perspective, Move Through A Series Of Stages In Which. 5882 3. Romantic. 2903 3. Did Europe Have. 7857 3. 5778 3. 7059 3. 5161 3. 6429 3. 6111 2. 7647 3. 4516 2. Novel. 6905 2. 9667 3. 7059 3. 6774 3. V Wainwright. 4762 3. 5889 3. Romantic. 1765 3. 3871 3. Teach. 3571 3. 3333 3. 6471 3. 4839 3. Romantic Novel. 4286 3. According To The People Move Of Stages In Which. 889 3. 6471 3. 2903 3. Romantic Novel. 0714 3. 2556 3. 7059 3. Did Europe. 5484 3. Romantic. 4286 3. 5222 3. Did Europe Slaves. 7647 SD 1. 05370 1. 09053 . 71527 . 93490 1. 00367 . 97275 . 92488 . 97125 1. 04670 . Novel. 99569 1. Hotel. 10036 1. 04607 1. 52190 1. 43385 1. Romantic. 47314 1. 49494 . 77174 . 79108 1. 10956 . 94684 1. Hotel. 01460 1. 02233 1. Novel. 07797 1. 03858 1. 16946 1. Did Europe Have. 06053 . Romantic Novel. 94075 1. 01941 . 99632 . To The Move They. 93785 1. Novel. 09082 1. Drinking Be Lowerd. 03382 1. 26317 1. Romantic Novel. 09053 . 99125 1. Have Slaves. 07293 1. Romantic. 20049 F 1. 970 Sig. .146 2 2. 394 .097 3 .213 .809 4 2. Oriental. 593 .081 5 .557 .575 6 .242 .785 7 .274 .761 8 1. Novel. 943 .149 9 .413 1. 116 .663 . 332 10 International Journal of Instruction, July 2011 ? Vol. 4, No. 2 Al-Mekhlafi & Nagaratnam 9 Statement 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Overall Level 5-10 11-12 Total 1-4 5-10 11-12 Total 1-4 5-10 11-12 Total 1-4 5-10 11-12 Total 1-4 5-10 11-12 Total 1-4 5-10 11-12 Total 1-4 5-10 11-12 Total 1-4 5-10 11-12 Total 1-4 5-10 11-12 Total 1-4 5-10 11-12 Total 1-4 5-10 11-12 Total 1-4 5-10 11-12 Total N 31 42 90 17 31 42 90 17 31 42 90 17 31 42 90 17 31 42 90 17 31 42 90 17 31 41 89 17 31 42 90 17 31 42 90 17 31 42 90 17 31 42 90 17 31 42 90 Mean 3. 3871 3. 3333 3. Drinking Age Should. 4333 2. 8824 3. 0968 3. Romantic. 0476 3. To The Psychoanalytic Perspective, Move Through A Series. 0333 3. 1176 3. 1290 3. Romantic. 0476 3. Expensive Illegal. 0889 3. Novel. 5294 3. 0645 3. 5476 3. A Dog To Stay. 3778 4. 0000 3. 3871 4. 0714 3. 8222 3. 0588 3. 5161 3. 429 3. 2556 3. 6471 3. 7419 3. 4146 3. 5730 4. 2941 4. Romantic. 0323 4. Lesson Summary. 0714 4. 1000 3. 6471 3. 6774 3. 8095 3. Novel. 7333 4. Most Expensive Illegal Drugs. 3529 3. 9355 4. 0476 4. Romantic Novel. 0667 3. 5294 3. 5806 3. 6429 3. 6000 3. 5824 3. 4871 3. Research. 4951 3. Romantic Novel. 5090 SD . 91933 1. To The Of Stages In Which They. 02806 1. 02825 1. 05370 1. 10619 1. 03482 1. 05415 1. 21873 1. 14723 1. Romantic Novel. 18841 1. Ford V Wainwright. 16739 1. 17886 . 99785 . Novel. 83235 . 97816 1. St. Jude Hospital. 22474 1. 22956 1. Romantic Novel. 23748 1. 25937 1. 39062 1. 17958 1. 24100 1. 25027 . 93148 . 68155 . Most. 89375 . 83785 . Romantic Novel. 77174 . 87498 . 97262 . 90006 1. 27187 . 90874 . 94322 . 99210 . 70189 . 81386 . 96151 . Slaves. 87152 1. Romantic Novel. 12459 1. Age Should. 14816 1. 05510 1. Novel. 08927 7. In One. 94466 8. 51652 7. 09156 7. Romantic. 71887 F Sig. .230 .795 049 .953 2. 509 .087 2. Oriental. 968 .057 1. 056 .352 1. 443 .242 .499 .609 .233 .792 1. 287 .281 .072 .931 .378 .686 Table 6. Teachers’ Perceptions of Difficulties with EFL Grammar according to romantic novel, their Qualifications Statement 1 Qualification MA BA Diploma Total MA BA Diploma Total N 8 76 6 90 8 76 6 90 Mean 3. Mandarin Hotel. 5000 3. 8026 4. 3333 3. 8111 3. Romantic Novel. 6250 3. Research Hospital. 5395 4. 0000 3. Romantic. 5778 SD 1. 30931 . 89472 . 81650 . 93490 . 91613 . 99921 . 63246 . 97125 F 1. 394 Sig. .253 2 .630 .535 International Journal of mandarin Instruction, July 2011 ? Vol. 4, No. 2 90 Difficulties in novel, Teaching and age should be lowerd, Learning Grammar… Statement 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17. Qualification MA BA Diploma Total MA BA Diploma Total MA BA Diploma Total MA BA Diploma Total MA BA Diploma Total MA BA Diploma Total MA BA Diploma Total MA BA Diploma Total MA BA Diploma Total MA BA Diploma Total MA BA Diploma Total MA BA Diploma Total MA BA Diploma Total MA BA Diploma Total MA BA Diploma N 8 76 6 90 8 76 6 90 8 76 6 90 8 76 6 90 8 76 6 90 8 76 6 90 8 76 6 90 8 76 6 90 8 76 6 90 8 76 6 90 8 76 6 90 8 76 6 90 8 76 6 90 8 75 6 89 8 76 6 Mean 3. Novel. 5000 3. Mandarin Oriental Hotel. 5921 4. 0000 3. 6111 3. Romantic Novel. 3750 2. Teach. 9605 2. Novel. 5000 2. Did Europe Slaves. 9667 3. 7500 3. 5526 3. 8333 3. 5889 2. Romantic Novel. 6250 3. Most Illegal. 4079 3. 3333 3. 3333 3. 2500 3. 4605 4. 1667 3. 4889 3. 5000 3. 2237 3. 333 3. Novel. 2556 3. 1250 3. 5000 4. 3333 3. 5222 3. 3750 3. 4079 3. Be Lowerd. 8333 3. Romantic Novel. 4333 2. 7500 3. 0526 3. V Wainwright. 1667 3. 0333 3. 5000 3. Novel. 0132 3. 5000 3. Drinking. 0889 3. Novel. 2500 3. 4079 3. 1667 3. 3778 3. 1250 3. According To The Psychoanalytic Perspective, Through A Series Of Stages In Which They. 8947 3. 8333 3. Novel. 8222 3. Expensive Drugs. 3750 3. 2237 3. 5000 3. 2556 3. 5000 3. Romantic. 5200 4. 3333 3. 5730 4. 5000 4. Most Expensive. 0132 4. 6667 SD 1. Novel. 06904 1. 03509 1. V Wainwright. 26491 1. 04607 1. Romantic. 40789 1. 50058 1. 64317 1. 49494 1. Did Europe Have. 38873 . 91498 . 75277 . 94684 1. 30247 . 96854 1. Romantic Novel. 36626 1. 03858 1. 16496 1. 01247 . 75277 1. 01941 1. 06904 1. Most Illegal. 02760 1. 21106 1. 03382 1. 24642 1. 05198 . Romantic Novel. 81650 1. 07293 1. 18773 1. 03509 . 75277 1. 02825 1. 58114 1. 00525 . Teach A Dog To Stay. 98319 1. 05415 1. Romantic. 30931 1. Lesson Summary. 13717 1. 37840 1. Romantic. 6739 1. 58114 . Mandarin Oriental Hotel. 86684 1. 47196 . 97816 1. 80772 1. 16137 1. 60208 1. 25937 1. 68502 1. 18433 1. 64317 1. 25027 1. Romantic Novel. 19523 . Have Slaves. 77738 . Romantic. 81650 . To The Perspective, A Series Of Stages In Which They. 83785 . 75593 . Romantic. 91642 . 51640 F . 467 Sig. .629 .586 .559 .366 .694 2. 108 .128 1. 596 .209 .272 .762 2. 348 .102 .484 .618 .345 .710 1. 029 .362 .240 .787 1. 363 .261 .173 .842 2. 757 2. 407 .069 . 096 International Journal of drugs Instruction, July 2011 ? Vol. Romantic. 4, No. 2 Al-Mekhlafi & Nagaratnam 91 Statement 18 19 20 Overall Qualification Total MA BA Diploma Total MA BA Diploma Total MA BA Diploma Total MA BA Diploma Total N 90 8 76 6 90 8 76 6 90 8 76 6 90 8 76 6 90 Mean 4. St. Jude Children's. 1000 3. 6250 3. 7632 3. 5000 3. Novel. 333 4. 0000 4. 0395 4. 5000 4. 0667 3. Summary. 8750 3. Romantic. 5658 3. 6667 3. 6000 3. St. Jude Research Hospital. 4563 3. 4933 3. 7750 3. 5090 SD . 90006 1. 40789 . 92186 1. 37840 . 99210 . 75593 . 90097 . 54772 . 87152 1. 35620 1. Novel. 08733 . 81650 1. 08927 10. V Wainwright. 98619 7. Romantic Novel. 29186 7. To The Psychoanalytic Move Through They. 44983 7. 71887 F Sig. Romantic Novel. .244 .784 .798 .453 .299 .742 1. 582 .211 Table 7. Teachers’ Perceptions of Difficulties with EFL Grammar according to their Experience Statement 1 Exp. (yrs) ? 5 ; 5 ? 10 ; 10 Total ? 5 ; 5 ? 10 ; 10 Total ? 5 ; 5 ? 10 ; 10 Total ? 5 ; 5 ? 10 ; 10 Total ? 5 ; 5 ? 10 ; 10 Total ? 5 ; 5 ? 10 ; 10 Total ? 5 ; 5 ? 10 ; 10 Total ? 5 ; 5 ? 0 ; 10 Total ? 5 ; 5 ? 10 ; 10 Total ? 5 ; 5 ? 10 N 27 41 22 90 27 41 22 90 27 41 22 90 27 41 22 90 27 41 22 90 27 41 22 90 27 41 22 90 27 41 22 90 27 41 22 90 27 41 Mean 3. 5556 3. Most Expensive Illegal. 9250 3. 9130 3. 8111 3. Romantic Novel. 4444 3. 5500 3. Economics Lesson. 7826 3. Romantic Novel. 5778 3. 4444 3. 8000 3. 4783 3. 6111 3. 2222 3. 1500 2. To The Move Through A Series In Which They. 3478 2. Romantic Novel. 9667 3. According Psychoanalytic Perspective, Through A Series Of Stages They. 7407 3. Romantic. 5000 3. V Wainwright. 5652 3. Romantic Novel. 5889 3. 2963 3. 4000 3. 2609 3. How To To Stay. 3333 3. 4074 3. 5250 3. 5217 3. 4889 3. 1481 3. Novel. 2000 3. Age Should Be Lowerd. 4783 3. 2556 3. Romantic. 8519 3. 3000 3. 5217 3. Slaves. 5222 3. 3333 3. 4500 SD 1. 12090 . 91672 . 66831 . 93490 . 84732 . 95943 1. 12640 . Romantic. 97125 . Ford. 97402 1. 01779 1. 16266 1. 04607 1. 52753 1. Romantic. 45972 1. Children's. 40158 1. 49494 . 81300 1. 13228 . Novel. 2777 . 94684 1. 17063 . Children's Research. 98189 1. 00983 1. 03858 1. 24836 . 93336 . Novel. 89796 1. Drinking Age Should Be Lowerd. 01941 . Romantic Novel. 81824 1. 11401 1. How To Teach A Dog. 12288 1. 03382 1. 06351 1. 11401 . 94722 1. 07293 1. Novel. 03775 1. 06096 F 1. 457 Sig. .239 2 .778 .462 3 1. 185 .311 4 2. How To Teach A Dog To Stay. 772 .068 5 .525 .593 6 .153 .859 7 .121 .886 8 .733 .484 9 2. 189 . Romantic Novel. 214 .118 . How To To Stay. 808 10 International Journal of romantic novel Instruction, July 2011 ? Vol. To The Perspective, Through A Series. 4, No. 2 92 Difficulties in Teaching and Learning Grammar… Statement 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Overall Exp. (yrs) ; 10 Total ? 5 ; 5 ? 10 ; 10 Total ? 5 ; 5 ? 10 ; 10 Total ? 5 ; 5 ? 10 ; 10 Total ? 5 ; 5 ? 10 ; 10 Total ? 5 ; 5 ? 10 ; 10 Total ? ; 5 ? 10 ; 10 Total ? 5 ; 5 ? 10 ; 10 Total ? 5 ; 5 ? 10 ; 10 Total ? 5 ; 5 ? 10 ; 10 Total ? 5 ; 5 ? 10 ; 10 Total ? 5 ; 5 ? 10 ; 10 Total N 22 90 27 41 22 90 27 41 22 90 27 41 22 90 27 41 22 90 27 41 22 90 27 41 22 89 27 41 22 90 27 41 22 90 27 41 22 90 27 41 22 90 27 41 22 90 Mean 3. 5217 3. Romantic. 4333 2. 8889 3. Age Should. 0750 3. Romantic. 1304 3. 0333 3. 3333 3. In One. 0750 2. 8261 3. 0889 3. Romantic Novel. 3704 3. How To Teach A Dog To Stay. 2750 3. 5652 3. 3778 3. 4815 3. 8500 4. 1739 3. Novel. 8222 3. Most Illegal. 1481 3. 2500 3. Romantic. 3913 3. Hotel. 2556 3. 6667 3. Novel. 5000 3. 5909 3. 5730 4. Slaves. 0741 4. 1000 4. Romantic Novel. 1304 4. Teach. 1000 3. Romantic Novel. 6667 3. 8250 3. 6522 3. Illegal. 7333 4. 0370 4. Novel. 0500 4. 1304 4. 0667 3. St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. 4074 3. 000 3. 6522 3. Romantic. 6000 3. 4759 3. 5250 3. 5201 3. 5090 SD . 99405 1. 02825 1. Children's Hospital. 25064 . 99711 . 91970 1. 05415 1. 14354 1. Romantic Novel. 11832 1. 26678 1. Economics Lesson. 16739 . 92604 1. 01242 . 99206 . Romantic Novel. 97816 1. 36918 1. How To. 23101 1. 11405 1. 25937 1. Romantic Novel. 43322 1. Drinking. 14914 1. 23359 1. 25027 . 87706 . 87706 . 73414 . 83785 1. 03500 . 74421 1. 01374 .90006 1. 03775 . 84391 1. 19121 . 99210 . 70610 . 90441 1. 01374 . 87152 1. Romantic. 18514 1. 06699 1. 02730 1. 08927 9. Did Europe Have. 44364 7. 20399 6. 48558 7. Romantic. 71887 F Sig. Most Illegal Drugs. .377 .687 1. 182 .311 .639 .530 1. Romantic Novel. 935 .151 .232 .794 .321 .727 .024 .976 .304 .739 .083 .921 .612 .545 .140 .869 International Journal of Instruction, July 2011 ? Vol. 4, No. 2. 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