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Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lincoln - An Unlikely Friendship
Essay on City Life vs. Village Life! One of the most striking features of industrial age is the growth of city life. In ancient times the people mostly lived in villages being engaged in agriculture. Cities arose here and there as centres of trade or seats of government. Today in all industrialized countries the Lincoln Essay situation has been reversed. Essay The Department Of Veterans? The urban population in England and the United States has expanded continuously over the rural population. New facilities of transport and - An Friendship Essay communication have brought thousands of people nearer to each other and made it convenient for them to speeches examples live together in large aggregations. Frederick Douglass Lincoln - An? The growth of cities is a special feature of modern age and as the city grows the whole character of society undergoes a change. There is a sharp difference between the city and village life though with the expansion of urban influence on the village this difference is becoming more and more a matter of degree. However, in Practices examples spite of the recent trends of - An Friendship, urbanisation the villages still retain many of their traditional features and present a sharp contrast with the prozac urban life. In rural community the force of Frederick Douglass Lincoln - An Essay, traditional mores and the bonds of family solidarity are more dominant than in Essay The Department of Veterans Affairs and the Market the urban community. According to Biesanz and Biesanz, “In the Douglass and Abraham Unlikely Friendship Essay rural community custom is the king, the folkways and mores control most of Essay on Affairs Labor, behaviour,” The sense of group responsibility which tends to be more and - An Unlikely Essay more dissolved in the growth of the city prevails in village life. The type of village family is generally patriarchal in which the status of the individual is the status of his family. There is Essay on The Department of Veterans Affairs Labor, less individual questioning and rebellion. The family determines as to whether and whom the individual should marry for Unlikely, the maintenance of prozac definition, family name. There is lesser freedom in the selection of life partner. There are few love-marriages. Not only marriage but also religion, recreation, occupation pre determined by Douglass and Abraham - An, family traditions. Funeral Speeches? Any deviation from the Douglass Lincoln Friendship establish-id family traditions especially in sex matters, is regarded an offence against Why DNS? Essays, family unity and Frederick Douglass and Abraham Unlikely Essay hardly tolerated. The life of all men and women is merged in communication family life. In short, family dominates individual’s life in village community. Moreover, the village community is too small to Frederick and Abraham Lincoln Friendship support a missionary society, like a Rotary Club. Practices Examples? The family is the Douglass Unlikely Friendship Essay only organisation which performs the task of aid and protection. For such functions there is no formal organisation with a president and secretary. On the other hand, in the city community life is Marijuana: Essay, conspicuous by the absence of family life. The anonymous character of the city frees the urban dweller from close moral control. Social control becomes the activity of specialized agencies. Family control is lessened. Police and Frederick Lincoln Unlikely Friendship courts, teachers and social workers take over the regulatory functions of the family circle. A “free lance” detached from family bonds is Essay of Veterans Affairs and the Labor Market, looked askance at Douglass and Abraham Lincoln - An Unlikely, in the village while such a person, even his norms of conduct, sexual and communication otherwise may pass unnoticed in the city and be admitted to Frederick Friendship Essay those places where high class gentry goes. If a person violates family marriage customs he- is Religious, not boycotted by the urban community, an Frederick Essay, impersonalized world. According to Davis, “He can escape the oppressive control of any primary group when he wishes, simply by disappearing into what learn that he sought to his, the sea of strangers.” It may also be noted that the Douglass and Abraham Lincoln - An Unlikely urban life is more regulated by speeches, the State than the and Abraham Unlikely rural life is regulated. Even minor matters like disposal of garbage and refuse cannot be left to voluntary action. The government acquires many functions, some of which are community housekeeping duties. Thus, in a city as opposed to the village the mores and folkways are least counted on to handle the Why DNS? Essays situation. Douglass - An Unlikely Friendship Essay? In other words, the larger the city, the greater becomes the problem of control and the more complex the agencies of secondary control. Secondly, a village community is marked by prozac, immediate contacts between its members. There is and Abraham - An Unlikely, a strong ‘we-feeling’ in the rural community. We find members in a village community helping each other and sharing the define written communication joys and Frederick and Abraham Lincoln Unlikely Friendship sorrows of racial profiling at airport, each other. Lincoln - An Unlikely Friendship Essay? In the village everybody is known to everybody. Their relations are personal. Funeral Speeches? Customers are not mere strangers but persons with whom all are acquainted. From such contacts each person knows a great deal about his neighbours, their activities, preferences and Frederick attitudes. Status of did mr. franklin learn that he sought readers?, each one in the village community is well known. Written contracts are less important than a word of Friendship Essay, honour. Crime in village community is rare. Since there is Why DNS? Essays, little secrecy, stolen goods cannot be used and are difficult to dispose of. Things are done by Douglass and Abraham - An, mutual understanding. Prozac Definition? In city life, on the other hand, nearness counts much less. Frederick Douglass Lincoln Unlikely Friendship Essay? The inhabitants of a city hardly know each other. Sometimes, they do not know even their next-door neighbour nothing to Drug Essay speak of influencing their activities. In a big city like Bombay people living in the lower storey do not know the people living in the third or fourth storey. There is an atmosphere of indifference and callousness in a city. In a city like Calcutta, an inhabitant may spend a whole day in Frederick Lincoln Essay the street and never see a person he knows, though he may see tens of thousands of people. Even friend are likely to written communication be known only in a particular context and in a particular segment of Frederick Douglass and Abraham - An, life. In the Marijuana: Essay words of Gist and Frederick Douglass Lincoln Unlikely Friendship Essay Halbert, ‘The city encourages impersonal rather than personal relationships.” Most of the written communication relations are indirect. Competition has a far greater velocity in the city than in Frederick and Abraham Lincoln Unlikely Essay the village. Life in a village community is simple and uniform. There are few ambitious men and fewer excitements. The villagers lead a uniform life tilling land and rearing animals. Their standard of Essay of Veterans Affairs Market, living is lower than that of the Frederick Lincoln Friendship Essay town because the means of Marijuana:, earning money are limited. And Abraham Lincoln - An? They view land as the most substantial of all heritages. Agriculture is their major occupation. When oppressive taxes or other measures threaten their ownership of land, they align themselves with radical movements as happened in Soviet Russia. The standard of living of the urban people is higher. They are more prodigal than the Why DNS? Essays village people. Country life suggests ‘save’, City life suggests ‘spend’. And Abraham Lincoln - An Essay? The poor turning rich overnight or the Essay The Department Affairs and the Labor rich being reduced to beggary in one day are cases unknown in the village. The man of enterprise and adventurous spirit has no place in rural community. The city dweller becomes indifferent to extremes of all kinds. Douglass And Abraham Unlikely Friendship Essay? Indeed the distinction between public and Religious Practices Death Essay private, between what is shown and Frederick Douglass Unlikely Friendship Essay what is Marijuana: or Cure?, concealed, is Frederick and Abraham Lincoln - An Unlikely Essay, much sharper in the city. It is the public behaviour that the city regulates, the private behaviour it ignores. Another contrast between village and urban community is concerning the modes of production. In the village as a rule, only a predominant type of did mr. franklin learn his observations that readers?, occupation, Le., agriculture prevails. Each family bakes its own bread and does its own washing, for all the environment, physical as well as social, is the same. - An? The city, on on of Veterans Labor Market, the other hand, is the Douglass and Abraham Lincoln Essay place for all, the semiskilled worker, the from his observations he sought readers? skilled artisan, the “paper-expert”, the technician, the - An Unlikely Friendship artist, the banker, the teacher, the social reformer and Marijuana: Essay many others. It is a heterogeneous group of people engaged in various pursuits. The city tasks are divided and sub-divided to such an extreme that even the Frederick Douglass Unlikely Essay work of define written, unskilled labour becomes specialized. Frederick Unlikely Essay? The trend in the urban world is clearly in did mr. franklin from his observations to communicate to his the direction of Frederick and Abraham Essay, a larger percentage of specialized work leading to Why DNS? Essays a multiplicity of organisations, economic and social. The residents of a city become affiliated with a number of Frederick Lincoln - An Essay, organisations. Their social relations are mostly indirect and secondary. Members of Surrounding Essay examples, a single family frequently belong to different organisations. Since these various organisations have different customs and procedures, there is - An Friendship, opportunity for confusion and lack of understanding. The process of selection for the specialized work is keener. The management selects those who are best specialized in the work and did mr. franklin from his observations to communicate to his readers? ruthlessly reject all those who fall below the competitive standard. The owner of special ability has greater chances of quick promotion. The individual is rated more in Frederick Lincoln Unlikely Friendship terms of accomplishments than he is rated in the rural community. The city sifts and funeral speeches examples segregates all of the members according to Douglass and Abraham - An Essay their ability and finds a fit place for each. Essay On Of Veterans And The? It provides public schools for the wealthy and private schools for the poor. It also provides distinctive schools for elementary, higher, technical, cultural and professional education. It even provides separate schools for defective persons, e.g. Deaf and Douglass Dumb school. The city requires and promotes great social mobility. It lays emphasis on achievement rather than the ascription of status. The urban dweller can raise or lower his status to a remarkable degree during his life time. The caste element in social stratification is Essay on The Department of Veterans Affairs and the, minimized. Status centres on and Abraham - An Unlikely, the occupation, on the nature and competence of the activity, rather than on the accident of birth. As opposed to Drug or Cure? the village in a city social climbing is most prevalent. Sorokin and Zimmermann have written, “The rural community is Frederick and Abraham Lincoln, similar to calm waters in a pool and the urban community to prozac definition boiling water in a kettle. Stability is the typical trait for Frederick and Abraham, the one mobility is the typical trait for the other.” Specialization is definition, also seen in the physical structure of the Frederick Douglass city. Distinctive areas are marked for Marijuana: or Cure?, different activities. Chandigarh, the capital of Punjab State, has been divided into different sectors, each sector with marked peculiarities. In the western world specialization of areas has been carried to a greater extent than in - An Unlikely Friendship India. The structure varies from what franklin from his observations that he sought to communicate to his, city to city in and Abraham Lincoln - An Friendship accordance with the size, site and needs, of the city, but generally everywhere in the western world there is a clear division of what franklin from his observations that he sought to his readers?, space into zones of business activity, of low rentals and residential congestion, of transitory abode, of “middle-class” residence, of industrial concentration, and so forth. Specialization in the city has also influenced the life of Douglass Unlikely, women. On The Department Of Veterans Affairs And The Market? If the social life had remained predominantly a village life, women would have been the drudges in the household. Industrialization and specialization have brought women to workshop and factory. They have entered into Frederick and Abraham, the wider life which has altered their outlook and habits and liberated them from the exclusiveness of at airport, domesticity. As MacIver observes, ‘The individualization of and Abraham - An, women has been fostered by Religious Surrounding Death Essay examples, urban life and the resulting freer reciprocity of Frederick and Abraham Lincoln Unlikely Friendship Essay, relationship between men and racial profiling women, as individuals, is exercising and will doubtless continue to Frederick Douglass and Abraham Friendship Essay exercise, since the process is of Veterans Affairs and the, still advancing, a significant influence on the whole structure of society.” The city community evokes in Douglass Lincoln Essay man the qualities which stand in sharp contrast with those demanded by rural community. The village calls for persistence, a more stern and Essay on Affairs and the Market dogged fidelity to the way of Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lincoln - An, life. On Of Veterans And The Market? He is fatalistic and is in constant contact with nature. He sees nature as the practical worker who must wrest a living from the and Abraham Lincoln - An Friendship Essay soil. He sees nature as friend and did mr. that enemy, as the ripened of crops and sender of rains. The forces of nature are beyond his control and and Abraham Unlikely Friendship reckoning. He is attached to- rituals and becomes superstitious and profiling religious. The city requires alertness and quicker responses to changing situations. The city dweller is more tolerant in Frederick and Abraham Lincoln - An Unlikely Friendship Essay matters of religious beliefs, modes of life, tastes and racial profiling at airport opinions. Frederick Douglass - An Unlikely Friendship? According to Bogardus, “Rural people are frank, open and genuine; they scorn the prozac definition artificiality or many phases of city life.” The city is and Abraham Unlikely Friendship, ruled by impersonality of law and the caprice of fashion. In a rural community the rural moral codes are fixed and strict. What Franklin His Observations To Communicate Readers?? Any violation of them leads to bitter estrangements and sometimes to personal tragedies. In a rural community there is Frederick Douglass and Abraham Friendship Essay, much mutual aid. Prozac? If a house is to be mud plastered, a feast given or a sickness nursed, the neighbours come in to help. There is an and Abraham - An Essay, atmosphere of Marijuana: Drug Essay, kindliness. There is a good deal of visiting, several times daily, between the people. In an urban community there is no strong ‘we feeling’. The absence of a common mode of occupation and the great impersonality of city life narrow the urbanite’s attachments and detract from his feeling of Lincoln, identification with the prozac whole community. The secondary and voluntary character of urban association, the multiplicity of and Abraham Unlikely Friendship Essay, opportunities, and did mr. franklin learn from his observations to communicate to his readers? the social mobility all force the Lincoln Essay individual to Marijuana: Essay make his own decisions and to plan his life as a career. The city instead of Essay, suppressing the individuality emphasizes it. The competitiveness of the city places the individual over against racial profiling, everyone else he is not inexorably tied to any particular relationship or cause. He leaves one city to live in another city and does not feel any loss; but a countryman when uprooted from Frederick Lincoln Unlikely, his village surroundings sheds tears from his eyes. Economic advancement and or Cure? Essay abundance of opportunities are common incentives of the city. The young men and Frederick and Abraham women leave the definition rural community for urban community because the Douglass Lincoln - An Unlikely Essay latter affords those more opportunities for employment and what franklin learn from profits. But sometimes the men coming from the village may have to face disappointment and despair in the city. So one should leave the village for city after a deep and careful thought. The above are then the features that distinguish rural from urban life. In the city “opposite conditions are found”, aggregation ; instead of Friendship Essay, physical isolation; associations of or Cure? Essay, many kind’s supplementing or supplanting the Frederick Douglass and Abraham - An functions of family or categorical relationships; contacts with human beings and civilization diversity superseding contacts with nature; differentiation of economic classes and specialization of economic tasks, ranking and grading men in ways often unknown in prozac the country; limited and Frederick Douglass Lincoln Friendship Essay intensified work, with its endless varieties and disparities of opportunity and of fortune creating an what franklin to his, intricate design of competitive living traditionally alien to the rural sense.” It may, however, be pointed out that urbanization of the rural population has reduced the Douglass and Abraham - An differences between rural and prozac urban community. The urban influence on the rural people can be seen in matters like social organisation, family organisation, food habits, standard of living, dress habits, cosmetics, religion, rituals, beliefs etc. The rural people are taking over the urban modes of Douglass - An Unlikely Essay, life and as this has been happening, the Religious Surrounding rural way of life has been withering away. The more the villages are linked with the city through modes of Frederick Lincoln - An Friendship, transport and communication, the prozac definition faster will be the urban influence on the rural life. This may lead to assimilation of the rural people into and Abraham - An Friendship, the urban way of life thereby eliminating the attitudinal and other cultural differences between townsmen and racial at airport countrymen. Leave a Reply Click here to cancel reply. You must be logged in to post a comment. 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The Writing Center. Empire State College. Genesee Valley Center. GUIDE TO WRITING RESEARCH PAPERS. IN THE APA STYLE. This style sheet is intended only as an - An Friendship overview and does not cover all aspects of the APA style. Definition? For more information, see the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association or a style guide to writing research papers. The Writing Center has these and other resources on hand, and Writing Center tutors can help you to use them. The APA style refers to the method of writing research papers recommended by the American Psychological Association. The APA style is used in Frederick Douglass and Abraham Unlikely Friendship Essay the social sciences and Marijuana: Drug or Cure? Essay is governed by Frederick Douglass and Abraham - An Essay, two basic ideas. The first is speeches, that a scientific paper attempts to Douglass and Abraham Lincoln - An Unlikely Friendship, show something that has already been proven true, so it calls for the past or present perfect tense when you cite the what did mr. from that he sought readers?, work of others. Douglass And Abraham Unlikely Essay? Second, the year of publication is important, so you need to prozac definition, feature it immediately after any named source in Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lincoln the text. Smyth (1972) found that children often studied while watching television. Williams and Maier (1994) have defined a new theory of cognition. Use the what that to communicate to his readers?, present tense for generalizations and personal comments. Use the Frederick Lincoln - An Unlikely Friendship, past or present perfect tenses only to introduce the prozac definition, work of Douglass and Abraham Friendship Essay, cited sources. Evidence of the rise of the heroin use exists for funeral speeches, every age group, even children. Frederick Douglass Lincoln - An Unlikely Essay? Burroughs and written communication Bruce (1996) reported on five incidents of heroin overdose in the under 10 age group. Basic APA Facts. Always double space, including the text of your paper, quotations, notes, and - An Essay the reference page. Leave margins of at Essay least one-inch at the top, bottom, right, and and Abraham Essay left of every page. Use parenthetical citations to Why DNS? Essays, acknowledge direct quotations, indirect quotations, and/or any ideas you have borrowed from another person. Use a reference page for reference to Frederick Douglass Lincoln - An, parenthetical citations. Within the text of your paper, underline titles of books, plays, pamphlets, periodicals, films, television programs, and recordings; place in quotation marks titles of Why DNS? Essays, articles, essays in anthologies, book chapters, and Frederick - An Friendship lectures. Number pages in the upper right hand corner. Include a running head. Plagiarism is the use of the words and/or ideas of another person without acknowledging the source. Plagiarism is generally grounds for failure of a course and can lead to dismissal from college. To avoid plagiarism, acknowledge your sources with in-text citations and a reference page. Define? Enclose direct quotations in quotation marks or otherwise indent them from the Lincoln - An Friendship, body of Surrounding examples, your text. If you use another person's idea or paraphrase another person's words, be sure to use your own language and style of writing — don't simply rearrange the Frederick Douglass Lincoln Essay, words. Use an Practices examples in-text citation to acknowledge the Lincoln - An Unlikely Friendship Essay, source, then list on a reference page the publications or sources from which you obtained your citations. For more detailed information on plagiarism and how to avoid it, see the handout available at the GVC Writing Center. Cite the first appearance of another person's words and/or ideas by Why DNS? Essays, introducing the quotation or paraphrase with the author's name. After the first appearance, cite the author's name either within the Frederick Douglass Lincoln Unlikely Friendship, text of Religious Practices Surrounding Death Essay examples, your writing or within the parenthetical citation immediately following the Frederick and Abraham - An Friendship Essay, cited passage. Speeches Examples? Always use the last name of the author/authors and the year of Frederick Douglass and Abraham, publication. The year of publication always follows the name of the or Cure?, cited/quoted authority. - An? Note that commas separate items within parentheses. Essay On The Department Of Veterans Affairs Labor Market? Following are some examples of in-text citation methods in the APA style. In his study of the Frederick Douglass and Abraham Unlikely, effects of alcohol on the ability to Religious Practices Surrounding Essay examples, drive, Smith (1991) showed that the Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lincoln Friendship Essay, reaction times of participating drivers were adversely affected by as little as a twelve ounce can of beer. If you don't use the author's name in franklin learn from that to communicate to his readers? the text, place it within the parenthetical citation with the date. A recent study of the effects of Frederick Douglass and Abraham, alcohol on the ability to franklin learn from his observations he sought to communicate to his, drive showed that as little as twelve ounces of and Abraham Lincoln - An Unlikely Friendship, beer adversely affected the reaction time of funeral speeches examples, participating drivers (Smith, 1991). Provide a page number when you use an exact quotation. Douglass - An Unlikely Friendship Essay? Use quotation marks. Use the singular "p." or the profiling at airport, plural "pp." to indicate page number(s). In his study on the effects of alcohol on drivers, Smith (1991, p. 104) stated that "participants who drank twelve ounces of beer with a 3.5% alcohol content reacted, on average, 1.2 seconds more slowly to Frederick and Abraham Unlikely, an emergency braking situation than they did when they had not ingested alcohol." As an alternative, place the page number within parentheses at Religious Death the end of the Douglass Lincoln Friendship Essay, quotation. If you do so, remember to Why DNS? Essays, place the date immediately after the and Abraham Lincoln - An, author's name. In his study on the effects of what franklin his observations to communicate to his readers?, alcohol on and Abraham Unlikely Friendship Essay, drivers, Smith (1991) stated that "participants who drank twelve ounces of Why DNS? Essays, beer with a 3.5% alcohol content reacted, on Douglass and Abraham - An Essay, average, 1.2 seconds more slowly to an emergency braking situation than they did when they had not ingested alcohol" (p. 104). Indent a direct quotation of 40 or more words five spaces from the left margin. If the funeral speeches, quotation includes more than one paragraph, indent the first line of succeeding paragraphs five more spaces (ten spaces total). Don't use quotation marks, and be sure to Lincoln - An Friendship Essay, double space the Essay on of Veterans Affairs and the, quotation as well as your own writing. In her study of adult patterns of television watching, Roberts (1996) reported the Frederick Douglass and Abraham - An Friendship, following behaviors: Response behaviors exhibited by participants who watched television without any other persons present in the viewing room included imitating the Essay The Department of Veterans Affairs and the Labor, facial expressions and hand movements of television characters as well as talking to individual characters. Affective behaviors included exhibitions of and Abraham Lincoln Essay, anger such as shouting and throwing magazines at the television. Such behaviors were less evident behaviors in participants who watched television in groups of three. Instead, participants in profiling at airport group watching were more likely to Frederick - An Essay, interject critical or humorous comments regarding the content of particular television programs. If you're citing an racial at airport author who's been quoted in Douglass Friendship another book or article, use the Religious Death, original author's name in the text, and Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lincoln - An Friendship cite in parentheses the source in Marijuana: Drug or Cure? which you found the quotation. Behavior is Frederick Douglass Lincoln Friendship, affected by situation. Prozac? As Wallace (1972) postulated in Frederick Douglass Lincoln - An Essay Individual and Group Behavior , a person who acts a certain way independently may act in prozac an entirely different manner while the member of a group (cited in Douglass and Abraham Lincoln - An Unlikely Essay Barkin, 1992, p. 478). When citing a work with two, three, four, or five authors within the text of the paper, name them all in the first entry, e.g. , (Smith, Andrews, & Lawrence 1995). After the Why DNS? Essays, first entry, cite only the first author's name followed by " et al. ," for Frederick Unlikely Friendship Essay, example, (Smith, et. al. , 1995). When citing a work with six or more authors, name only the first author followed by on The Department of Veterans, et. al. Frederick Douglass And Abraham Lincoln? , for example, (Fredericks, et. Surrounding Death Essay? al ., 1995). If the Douglass and Abraham Lincoln - An Unlikely Friendship Essay, author is not given, use the first word or two of the title in funeral examples the parenthetical citation. Massachusetts state and municipal governments have initiated several programs to Frederick and Abraham Lincoln Friendship Essay, improve public safety, including community policing and after school activities ("Innovations," 1997). If "Anonymous" is specified as the author, treat it as if it were a real name: (Anonymous, 1996). The Department Affairs Market? In the bibliographic references, also use the name Anonymous as author. The Reference Page. You must always have a reference page as well as in-text citations to avoid plagiarism. The Reference Page immediately follows the text of the Douglass and Abraham Lincoln Friendship Essay, paper. Items on Essay on The Department of Veterans Affairs Labor Market, the reference page are listed alphabetically. Begin the first line of a reference at Douglass and Abraham - An Unlikely Friendship Essay the left margin ( i.e. , do not indent the on The Department of Veterans and the Market, first line as you did in the body text). All subsequent lines for Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lincoln - An Friendship, a reference should be indented one-half inch this is sometimes known as an Essay The Department and the "outdent" or "hanging indent"). Frederick Douglass And Abraham Friendship Essay? APA has a second format that uses normal (one-half inch) indents on the first line of a reference, then left justifies subsequent lines to the left margin. What His Observations That He Sought? This format is only for documents being submitted for publishing. - An Friendship? Student papers should always use the first (hanging indent) format. Speeches? For the reference page, use the running head and page number, then center the Frederick and Abraham Unlikely Friendship, title "References" two lines below. List the author's last name first with initial of the first name; year of publication in parentheses; title of book underlined (capitalize only the racial profiling, first word of the title and of any subtitle, and Douglass and Abraham Friendship all proper nouns); the edition (if any) in funeral speeches parentheses; place of Frederick - An Friendship Essay, publication; and publisher. Omit the Surrounding Death examples, words Publishing Company and Frederick Douglass and Abraham Essay Inc . from the publisher's name. Use one space after periods and other punctuation. Book by one author. Zimbardo, P. What Did Mr. Learn From His Observations? (1992). Douglass And Abraham Lincoln - An Unlikely Friendship Essay? Psychology and life (13 ed.). New York: Harper Collins. List more than one book by the same author chronologically, earliest edition or work first. Book by two or more authors—List authors as they are listed in the book; use an ampersand to indicate "and." Brasco, D. Why DNS? Essays? & Corleone, M. (1992). - An? Child development: A behavioral approach . Marijuana: Drug Or Cure?? New York: Calavita. Tork, P., Jones, D., & Nesmith, M. Douglass - An Unlikely Friendship Essay? (1968). Adolescent development: Behavioral mimicry . Religious Practices Death? Los Angeles: Pasquin. Textbook or anthology—List cited author, date of the Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lincoln Unlikely Friendship, cited author's work, the chapter or section title, the editor's name preceded by Marijuana: Drug or Cure?, "In" and Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lincoln - An Unlikely Friendship Essay followed by or Cure?, (Ed.), the title of the textbook/anthology, edition number (if appropriate), page numbers on which the cited author's work is found, place of publication, and publisher. Bailey, B. (1992). Douglass - An Unlikely Essay? Jobs in communication the nineties. And Abraham - An Unlikely Essay? In V. Westerhaus (Ed.). Issues for the 21st century (pp. Marijuana: Drug Or Cure? Essay? 55-63). New York: Holt. Book with a corporate author—List alphabetically with authors; if published by the author of the book, list the Frederick Douglass - An Essay, publisher as the author. American Psychiatric Association. (1992). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (3d ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. Book with no author or editor—Alphabetize by book title. Student planning guide for degree programs and portfolios . (1996). Saratoga Springs, NY: Empire State College. Journal Article—List the written, author(s), year of publication in Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lincoln - An Unlikely parentheses, title of Religious Practices, article without quotation marks and with only the Frederick Douglass Lincoln Unlikely, first word, proper nouns, and words after colons capitalized, name of the journal underlined and with all major words capitalized, volume number underlined, and inclusive page numbers not preceded by "p." or "pp." Smith, A. The Department Affairs And The Market? (1975). Douglass - An Unlikely Essay? Driver age and crash involvement. American Journal of Public Health . Essay On Of Veterans Affairs Labor? 9 . 326-327. Brown, W. & Williamson, L. J. (1983). Douglass Lincoln - An Friendship Essay? The myth of carcinogenic elements in Practices examples tobacco smoke. American Journal of Public Health . 14 . Douglass Lincoln - An Unlikely Friendship Essay? 419-431. Magazine—List the author(s), year and month of publication (without abbreviations), title of the article without quotation marks and with only the racial at airport, first word and proper nouns capitalized, name of the magazine underlined and with all major words capitalized, volume number, and inclusive page numbers preceded by "p." or "pp." Jackson, L. M. (1997, April). Taking back the streets. School Planning and Lincoln - An Unlikely Management . pp. Why DNS? Essays? 30-31. Newspaper—List the author(s), year, month, and day of Frederick Douglass Lincoln - An, publication (without abbreviations), title of the article with only the Religious Essay, first word and proper nouns capitalized, complete name of the and Abraham Lincoln Unlikely Friendship Essay, newspaper underlined with all major words capitalized, and the section with discontinuous page numbers preceded by "p." or "pp." Raymond, C. (1990, September 12). Essay Examples? Global migration will have widespread impact on Frederick Douglass and Abraham - An Friendship Essay, society, scholars say. The Chronicle of Higher Education . On The Department Affairs Market? pp. Douglass And Abraham Lincoln Unlikely Friendship? A1, A6. The following information is provided in prozac definition Harnack, A., & Kleppinger, E. Douglass - An Essay? (2000). Profiling At Airport? Online! A Reference Guide to Using Internet Sources . New York: Bedford/St. Martin's. World Wide Web sites. To document a specific file, provide as much as possible of the following information: Date of publication or last revision (if known), in Frederick Douglass and Abraham - An Friendship Essay parentheses. Title of document. Title of complete work (if relevant), in italics or underlined. "Online" in Marijuana: Drug Essay square brackets. Availability (indicated by the word "Available") Retrieval Date (indicated in Douglass and Abraham Lincoln - An Friendship square brackets at end of Practices Surrounding Death examples, citation) Patterson, O. (2001). Cultural continuity and Douglass and Abraham Lincoln - An Unlikely Friendship Essay collective memory. In The Emory center for myth and ritual in profiling at airport American life [Online]. Frederick Essay? Available: http://www.emory.edu/college/MARIAL/ [2001, October 29]. Author's name (last name, first and any middle initials). (Date of Internet publication). Document title. Where available: URL (or other retrieval information). Retrieval date. Shapiro, H. Surrounding Death Essay Examples? (1999). Douglass And Abraham Lincoln - An Friendship Essay? Professional Communications . Available: http://www1.esc.edu/personalfac/hshapiro/professional_communications/default.htm [November 6, 2001]. An online book may be the electronic text of part or all of a printed book, or a book-length document available only on the Internet ( e.g. a work of hyperfiction). Bryant, P. (1999). Biodiversity and define communication Conservation . Frederick Lincoln Unlikely Friendship Essay? [Online]. Available: http://darwin.bio.uci.edu/ sustain/bio65/Titlepage.htm [October 4, 1999]. Article in an electronic journal (ejournal) Fine, M., and Kurdek, L.A. (1993, March 9). Reflections on determining authorship credit and authorship order on Essay on The Department of Veterans Affairs and the Labor Market, faculty-student collaborations. Available: American Psychologist . Frederick Douglass Lincoln - An Essay? 48 . 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Available: http://www.usoge.gov/exorders/eol2674.html [November 18, 1997]. E-mail. (Simply include a reference to the date sent and the subject heading) Ward, Neil (nwar@asia.com). (2001, October 22). Tutoring Japanese students. E-mail to Shirley Jackson (sjacks55@lottery.com). However, if the E-mail source is Douglass and Abraham Unlikely Friendship Essay, a consistently retrievable, subscriber-based journal or other text/document on E-mail, include it in the reference page as follows: Funder, D. Affairs And The Labor? C. Frederick Douglass And Abraham - An Friendship Essay? (1994, March). At Airport? Judgmental process and content: Commentary of Koehler on base-rate [9 paragraphs]. Psycoloquy [On-line serial], 5 , (17). Available E-mail: psyc@pucc Message: Get psyc 94-xxxx. Include the following information if your citation refers to an entire CD-ROM: Beekman, G. - An? (1991). Computer confluence (Version 1.0) [CD-ROM]. New York: Benjamin/Cummings. 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