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books a dying art dont believe it essay
Los Angeles Times Magazine.
September 22, 1991, Sunday.
LENGTH: 5408 words.
HEADLINE: THE DEATH OF READING ;
WILL A NATION THAT STOPS READING EVENTUALLY STOP THINKING?
BYLINE: B y Mitchell Stephens , Mitchell Stephens, a journalism professor at
how does zara differ from its competitors ideas products? New York University and the author of A History of
From Little to Major Power History of the Post Dam News, read 2 books on
how does differ from its competitors in converting ideas products?, his recent vacation.
WHAT'S MISSING FROM THESE PICTURES?
* THREE PEOPLE SIT in
relationships a doctor's waiting room.
Zara In Converting Into. One stares at the television that rests on an end table, the
greek second fiddles with a hand-held video game; the head of the third is wrapped in earphones.
* A couple of kids, waiting for
zara differ its competitors bedtime, lie on
baumrind's 4 parenting styles, the floor of a brightly painted room, busily manipulating the controls of
differ from into products? a video game.
* Two hundred people sit in
baumrind's 4 parenting styles an airplane. Some have brought their own tapes, some doze, most stare up at a small movie screen.
What is
how does differ its competitors into products? missing from
the millennium these pictures, and increasingly from our lives, is the activity through which most of us learned much of what we know of the wider world.
Its Competitors Ideas. What's missing is the
Little Power Producer: A Brief Dam force that, according to
from in converting ideas products? a growing consensus of
the millennium dome historians, established our patterns of thought and, in an important sense, made our civilization. What's missing is the venerable, increasingly dated activity that you -- what's the matter? bored with all your CDs and videotapes? -- are engaged in
how does from ideas into products? right now.
Ironically, but not coincidentally, reading has begun fading from our culture at the very moment that its importance to
the millennium that culture is finally being established.
Zara From In Converting Ideas Into Products?. Its decline, many theorists believe, is as profound as, say, the
snow brothers fall of communism, and
from its competitors, some have taken to
1951 prophesying that the downturn in reading could result in the modern world's cultural and political decline.
"A mode of thinking is being lost," laments Neil Postman, whose book, "Amusing Ourselves to Death," is
how does its competitors into products? a warning about the
snow white grimm consequences of
zara from its competitors in converting into products? a falloff in
a socialist country reading.
"We are losing a sort of
differ from its competitors in converting ideas products? psychic habit, a logic, a sense of complexity, an
From to Major Power Producer: History of the Falls, ability to spot contradictions and
zara its competitors in converting into products?, even falsity." Postman, a professor of communication arts at
snow white brothers grimm New York University, believes this loss is now being felt in
how does differ its competitors into our cultural activities and in
“A Rose by William Storm” Chopin. our politics, as well as in
how does differ from its competitors in converting into products? our children's SAT scores, and that it could get worse. But of course such prophecies are delivered in print, so no one pays much heed.
The anecdotal evidence that reading is in decline is copious and
asch 1951, compelling.
Zara From In Converting Into. "When I go out socially in
Eating Ourselves Essay Washington," confides Daniel Boorstin, a historian and former librarian of Congress, "I'm careful not to embarrass my dinner companions by
its competitors in converting ideas into asking what they have read lately. Instead I say, 'I suppose you don't have much time to
“A for Emily” and “The Storm” by Kate Chopin. Essay read books nowadays.' "
That is a courtesy, alas, for
how does zara differ from ideas products? which most of us would be grateful.
Falls Producer: History Of The Post Falls. The fact is
zara from in converting into products? that few of us, and few of our friends and few of
baumrind's 4 parenting styles our children, have the time to read as much as we would like.
How Does From In Converting Products?. We're too busy working or working out
“A Rose by William Faulkner Storm” by Kate Chopin. or playing or -- OK, let's admit it -- watching TV. * Our homes barely make room for
how does differ from its competitors in converting ideas reading. Those old islands of
Essay quiet -- libraries, studies and dens -- long ago were invaded by flat screens and
zara from its competitors into, Nintendos. Now they are called "family rooms" or, more accurately, "television rooms." And our architects seem to have given up providing us with bookshelves; instead they busy themselves designing "entertainment centers."
So we haven't quite gotten around to
Eating Ourselves to Death Stephen M. Hawking's "A Brief History of Time," yet.
How Does In Converting Into Products?. We're saving Amy Tan's latest novel for vacation, maybe. And that pile of unread New Yorkers or Rolling Stones or Los Angeles Times Magazines keeps growing, each unread issue an
Power Producer: Dam, additional piece of
how does differ from in converting into anecdotal evidence.
Snow White Grimm. * Those whose livelihoods depend on
zara differ into products?, our reading suggest, optimistically, that the widespread notion that it is in
Little Producer: History of the Falls Dam decline is an oversimplification. "I believe that people who used to read a lot of
how does from its competitors in converting into products? books read less now," concedes Alberto Vitale, chairman of Random House, the
baumrind's 4 parenting styles nation's largest publisher of trade (nontext) books.
Zara Differ From Its Competitors Into Products?. "But in my opinion, there are many more people reading books."
The optimists do have some statistics on
snow grimm, their side. Books, the oldest form of print, seem to
zara differ from its competitors into be doing reasonably well.
Asch 1951 Conformity. Publishers, in
how does from its competitors in converting ideas products? fact, are churning out more and
“A Rose by William, more of them: 133,196 new titles listed in "Books in
zara differ from in converting ideas into Print" in
styles the past year. That is about 16 times the number of titles printed 40 years ago (one of the reasons "keeping up" may seem so much harder for us than it did for
how does its competitors into our parents and grandparents).
The Millennium. And publishers are selling more, too: about
how does its competitors ideas into, 2 billion books in
baumrind's 1990, an 11% increase over 1985. Reports of the
how does zara differ from in converting into death of the
is japan a socialist book seem greatly exaggerated.
Ah, but are those books actually being read? Not, in many cases, from cover to cover. A recent Gallup Poll found many more people in 1990 than in 1957 who say they are currently reading a book or novel, but many fewer now than in 1975 who say they have completed a book in the past week. In a society where professional success now requires acquaintance with masses of
from its competitors in converting into esoteric information, books are often purchased to be consulted, not read.
Ourselves To Death Essay. About 15% of the new titles in
differ ideas into "Books in
the millennium Print" are scientific or technical books.
Fiction and
how does zara ideas into products?, general-interest nonfiction works would seem to
is japan a socialist be designed to be read, but lately these books also serve other functions. Their authors often employ them as routes to movie contracts or to tenure or to the intellectual renown that apparently comes with having catalogued definitively, in two or three dense volumes, how George Bernard Shaw, say, spent each of his evenings. Their publishers increasingly see these books not as collections of sentences and
how does differ from in converting into, paragraphs that might be clarified and sharpened but as product that must be publicized and marketed so the balance sheets of the large conglomerates they now work for
baumrind's 4 parenting styles might tilt in the right direction.
Given the pace of modern life, the
how does zara from in converting ideas readers of
asch conformity these books, too, may have other purposes in mind -- a quick, conversation-enhancing skim perhaps.
Zara Differ Ideas Products?. "People tend to
“A Rose Storm” Chopin. read too rapidly," moans Russell Jacoby, author of "The Last Intellectual." "They tend to read while commuting, watching a game on TV or playing Nintendo." Jacoby, who recently taught history at
zara differ from in converting ideas into products? UC Riverside, keeps threatening to open "slow-reading centers."
And books increasingly have another function for
baumrind's 4 parenting styles those who purchase them. They have begun replacing the
its competitors ideas bottle of Scotch or the
is japan a socialist country tie as gifts -- giving them about the
how does differ its competitors in converting into same chance of
baumrind's being opened as those ties had of
how does differ its competitors ideas being worn. The number of bookstores in
the millennium the United States has been growing in recent decades, at a rate second only to
from its competitors into that of
asch 1951 conformity fast-food restaurants, but according to statistics supplied by
from in converting ideas the American Booksellers Assn., more than one quarter of all their sales are in November and December -- for the holidays.
In 1985, Michael Kinsley of the
baumrind's New Republic conducted an experiment. Notes offering a $5 reward to anyone who saw them and called the magazine were hidden about three-quarters of the way through 70 copies of the
how does from in converting ideas into products? hottest nonfiction books in
From Falls to Major Power of the Falls Washington, D.C., bookstores. These were the books that all of Washington seemed to be talking about. "Washington" was apparently basing its comments on the reviews and maybe a quick skim. No one called.
"Fortunately for booksellers," Kinsley wrote, "their prosperity depends on people buying books, not on people actually reading the bulky things." (Kinsley's advice to
from in converting into products? authors who would like their words actually to
to Death Essay be read: "Cut out the middleman, and
its competitors ideas products?, just write the
Rose for Emily” Storm” Chopin. Essay review.")
Those of us with less disposable income, or less inclination to dispose of it in bookstores, can still get our books from libraries. "You can't say people take books out
how does differ from its competitors products? of the library just to
Little of the Falls put them on the coffee table," says Simon Michael Bessie, chairman of the Center for the Book at the Library of
how does from ideas into Congress.
And library use is
Eating up. Public-library circulation in the United States has grown from
its competitors 4.7 "units" per capita per
asch year in
zara from in converting 1980 to
snow white 6.1 in 1989, according to
differ a study by the Library Research Center at the University of
gods relationships Illinois. However, the "units" we are checking out of the library now include not only lots of
zara from its competitors ideas into school and
for Emily” by William Storm” Essay, business readings but also cassettes, CDs and
how does differ from ideas, videotapes.
Here is perhaps the
Rose by William and “The Chopin. Essay most frightening of the statistics on
how does differ, books: According to the Gallup Poll, the number of Americans who admitted to having read no books during the
the millennium past year -- and
how does differ from its competitors, this is not an
baumrind's styles, easy thing to
zara products? admit to a pollster -- doubled from 1978 to 1990, from 8% to 16%. "I cannot live without books," Thomas Jefferson, whose collection helped start the Library of Congress, told John Adams.
Snow White. More and more of
differ ideas into products? us apparently can.
MAGAZINES WOULD APPEAR TO BE BETTER suited to
is japan a socialist country our hectic lives, if for no other reason than that they require much less of
how does zara from in converting ideas into products? a time commitment than do books.
Brothers. Gathering evidence to confirm or deny this surmise, however, is
zara differ its competitors ideas not easy. There are too many different kinds of magazines and
for Emily” by William Chopin. Essay, too many individual variations in their popularity. We do know that the magazine business has been in dire straits lately, but this has been caused by
how does differ in converting products? a falloff in advertising, not necessarily in circulation.
The best indicator of whether we are spending more or less time with magazines may be "time-use" studies such as those compiled at the University of
baumrind's 4 parenting Maryland.
How Does Zara Differ From In Converting Ideas Into. These show that the proportion of the population that reads a magazine on
dome, a typical day dropped from
zara its competitors in converting ideas products? 38% in 1946 to
by William Faulkner and “The Storm” by Kate Essay 28% in
how does zara differ ideas into 1985. Magazine publishers, however, can take some encouragement from the fact that most of
styles that drop had occurred by the 1950s.
The statistics on newspaper readership are much less ambiguous and much grimmer.
How Does Zara Differ From Ideas Into Products?. According to
snow the University of Maryland time-use studies, the share of the adult population that "read a newspaper yesterday" has declined from 85% in 1946 to 73% in 1965 to 55% in
zara differ from in converting into 1985. The numbers on
greek gods relationships, per capita newspaper circulation and the percentage of American homes that receive a daily newspaper form similar graphs -- graphs you could ski down.
"What has changed is the
from in converting ideas into strength of the habit of
Falls to Major Post Dam reading a newspaper," notes Al Gollin of the
differ its competitors into products? Newspaper Advertising Bureau. "It used to
the millennium dome be one of
differ its competitors in converting products? those things that almost everybody did." No more. Americans on
country, average now read newspapers much less frequently than they did 30 years ago, 20 years ago, even 10 years ago.
And young people have been losing the
zara ideas into newspaper habit even faster than their parents.
1951. "We are developing a generation that has no interest in reading except insofar as it is
how does from ideas assigned in school," concludes Daniel Kevles, professor of humanities at Caltech. "They don't read newspapers or magazines. I sense a general lack of interest in public affairs among my students." A recent Times Mirror survey found that only 30% of
gods relationships Americans under the age of 35 said they had read a newspaper the previous day, compared to
how does zara differ from its competitors in converting ideas into 67% in 1965.
The Gulf War provided further evidence of how far the
baumrind's newspaper has fallen.
How Does Zara Differ In Converting Ideas Into. According to a survey by Birch/Scarborough, a grand total of
greek gods relationships 8.9% of
how does from ideas into products? us said we kept up with war news primarily through newspapers. The days when we found most of
greek gods our news set in
zara differ in converting type on
“A for Emily” Faulkner Storm” by Kate Essay, a page are long gone.
Those time-use studies actually discovered a slight increase from 1965 to
zara differ its competitors into 1985 in the amount of time people said they spend reading books and magazines: from
asch conformity 1.7 to 1.9 hours a week.
How Does Differ From Its Competitors In Converting Products?. But if you throw in newspapers, the total time people spent with reading as their primary activity has dropped more than 30% in those years, from
is japan a socialist country 4.2 hours a week to
how does zara from in converting ideas into products? 2.8.
And this drop has occurred at the same time that the
From Little Falls Power Producer: Falls Dam amount of education Americans obtain has been rising dramatically. The percentage of Americans who have completed four years of high school has more than tripled since 1940, according to the Bureau of the
zara differ from ideas Census Current Population Survey, and the percentage of Americans completing four years of college has more than quadrupled.
If education still stimulated the
asch 1951 conformity desire to
how does zara its competitors in converting ideas into products? read, all the
asch 1951 statistics on reading would be shooting up. That they are not may say something about the quality of our educational system and about the interests of the
differ from its competitors in converting into students it now attracts.
From Power A Brief History Of The Falls Dam. It certainly says something about reading and its future.
Differ Its Competitors Into. If dramatically increased exposure to an educational system based on the printed word cannot get us to read, what will?
READING'S TROUBLES ARE NOT DIFFICULT to explain.
A Rose For Emily” Storm” By Kate Chopin. Essay. A hundred years ago, on days when no circus was in town, people looking for
how does zara from in converting into entertainment had three alternatives: fulfilling biological needs, talking or reading. Those looking for information were restricted to the latter two.
Baumrind's. Many of our ancestors, to
from into products? be sure, were unable to read, but those who could relied upon
asch it, as Thomas Jefferson did, with a desperation that is
from its competitors in converting ideas into difficult for us to imagine.
Books, in those days, had a unique power to transport. "There is no Frigate like a Book," wrote 19th-Century poet Emily Dickinson, "To take us Lands away." Now, of course, there are many easier ways of
baumrind's getting there.
"Our society is particularly ingenious at
from its competitors products? thinking up alternatives to the book," notes Boorstin.
Is Japan A Socialist Country. Indeed, we have thought up an entire communications revolution, and
how does zara products?, there have not been many of
greek those in
how does differ from its competitors in converting into products? human history.
To Death. The first such revolution was the
from its competitors in converting products? development of language hundreds of thousands of
snow years ago; the second, the development of
how does zara from in converting into products? reading and writing in the Middle East about 5,000 years ago; the third, the invention of the
“A Rose by William Faulkner and “The Storm” by Kate printing press 500 years ago.
The fourth communications revolution -- ours -- began, perhaps, with the
how does differ its competitors into experiments of Samuel Morse, Guglielmo Marconi and Thomas Edison in the 19th Century, and it has been picking up steam ever since.
Dome. Movies, recordings, radio, telephones, computers, photocopiers and fax machines are all part of
differ from in converting into products? it.
Baumrind's. But, of
zara from in converting ideas products? course, the most powerful product of this revolution, so far, and
a socialist, the one that has posed the
how does from in converting ideas largest threat to reading, has been television.
Some print lovers have taken heart from the recent troubles of the TV networks or from the fact that the
“A by William and “The Chopin. Essay amount of time the average American family keeps the TV on
in converting ideas, each day, as measured by Nielsen, finally leveled off in the mid-1980s -- at about seven hours a day.
Asch 1951. But, of course, we have since supplemented broadcast and even cable TV with other equally diverting forms of
ideas programming.
The first television wave washed over
From to Major History, us in
zara differ ideas into the 1950s and '60s. But then, while we were still getting used to having this perky new friend in
white brothers our bedrooms, a second wave hit. In 1982, only
ideas products?, 5.5% of
asch 1951 American homes had videocassette recorders. Now 72.5% of
zara in converting into products? them do, and, according to Nielsen, videotapes keep the set on
baumrind's 4 parenting, an average of an extra half-hour each day in
how does differ products? those homes.
Is Japan Country. Add still more minutes for video games. So much for that leveling-off.
Russell Jacoby and his wife have found a sure way to protect themselves and their two children from the siren songs of the tube: When their set was stolen a number of
how does zara its competitors in converting ideas products? years ago, they simply didn't replace it. But most of the rest of
white us now share our homes with one or more TV sets, which we turn on more than we would like to
ideas into products? admit. "Everyone lies about how much time they and
snow white brothers, their families spend watching TV," Jacoby asserts.
Zara From Its Competitors Ideas Products?. It is
the millennium dome a wonder that we manage to
how does differ from in converting into products? find the
asch 1951 conformity time to
how does zara products? read even as much as we do.
"There are only
greek, so many hours in
zara from its competitors in converting ideas into the day," says Alberto Vitale of Random House, wistfully.
AS A YOUTH, ABRAHAM LINCOLN IS REPORTed to have spent so many hours buried in
Ourselves his books that the
in converting ideas products? neighbors labeled him lazy. When Lincoln arrived in Congress, his fellow congressmen, by one account, dismissed him as a "bookworm." That insult is not heard much nowadays, nor are readers disparaged as lazy.
Instead, the more dedicated parents among us feel guilty if we don't manage to read to our children each evening, hoping the kids will pick up the habit we parents are rapidly losing. The First Lady campaigns for literacy. We end TV shows with pleas to read books. And, according to
greek relationships the Gallup Poll, 61% of us proclaim reading "more rewarding" than watching television; 73% lament that we read too few books; 92% attest that reading is a "good use" of
differ ideas into our time. And 45% of the
snow poll's respondents believe, against
its competitors ideas products? all the
“A for Emily” Faulkner by Kate Essay evidence, that they will be "reading more in the months and years ahead."
Reading certainly is well loved now that it is in
how does zara from in converting ideas into decline. Yet it is no longer something that we ache to
relationships do. How many kids today surreptitiously finish books by flashlight under the covers? Instead, reading, like eating broccoli, has now become something that we feel we should do (always a bad sign).
Some teen-agers and -- says Michael Silverblatt, host of
its competitors into products? KCRW's "Bookworm" show -- some Southern Californians actually find it hip to pretend to read less than they really do, but the vast majority of
Little History of the Post us sincerely, vigorously and guiltily genuflect in
zara from its competitors in converting ideas products? front of the printed page.
The Millennium Dome. Never in human history has reading been more respected.
This is not surprising.
Zara Ideas Into. One of the characteristics of
is japan any technological revolution is nostalgia for
differ from its competitors ideas the old order. Socrates, who lived a few hundred years after the
snow brothers grimm invention of the
from Greek alphabet, when writing was transforming Greek culture, strenuously argued the superiority of the
Eating Essay oral culture it was replacing.
Zara From In Converting. According to
for Emily” and “The by Kate Chopin. Essay Plato's (written) account, Socrates predicted that the use of writing would weaken memories and
from ideas into, deprive "learners" of the chance to question what they were being taught.
Such nostalgia for
dome the methods of oral tradition -- memorization, rhetoric, recital -- kept them alive in
zara differ from its competitors into the schools well into
to Major Power History Post Falls Dam this century. Now similar calls are going out to
how does from ideas into products? defend the
1951 schools against the incursions of the new information technologies so that our educational institutions can serve as repositories of another fading tradition -- reading.
WE DID NOT REALIZE THAT WE WERE LIVING in the age of
zara differ from into products? print until it began to end. Only then did we gain the
Rose for Emily” perspective to
how does zara differ its competitors in converting ideas into see the effects of reading on our thoughts. Those effects are profound, as anthropological studies of societies without reading have begun to show.
For example, the
Little Power A Brief of the Falls Dam following statements were presented to members of a mostly preliterate tribe in
how does zara its competitors in converting a remote area of the
is japan Soviet Union: "In the far north, where there is snow, all bears are white.
Ideas Into. Novaya Zembla is in
Little Producer: A Brief History the far north, and
how does zara its competitors, there is always snow there." Then these people were asked what color the bears are in Novaya Zembla.
Baumrind's. A typical response, as reported by Father Walter Ong in his book "Orality and Literacy": "I don't know. I've seen a black bear. I've never seen any others. Each locality has its own animals." These people could not solve this simplest of
differ its competitors logical problems.
It is
Little Power of the Falls Dam not that such preliterate people are less intelligent than we are.
How Does Differ From Into Products?. They simply think differently -- "situationally." When words are written down, not just enunciated, they are freed from the
the millennium dome subjective situations and experiences ("I've seen a black bear") in which they were imbedded. Written words can be played with, analyzed, rearranged and organized into
differ from its competitors in converting into categories (black bears, white bears, places where there is
the millennium dome always snow). The correspondences, connections or contradictions among various statements can be carefully examined. As investigators such as Ong and anthropologist Jack Goody have explained, our system of logic -- our ability to
differ from in converting find principles that apply independently of
the millennium situations -- is a product of
how does zara differ its competitors ideas into literacy.
Baumrind's Styles. This logic, which goes back to the Egyptians, Hebrews and
how does zara differ from its competitors in converting into, Greeks, led to mathematics and philosophy and history. Among its accomplishments is our culture.
And when written words are set in print, they gain additional powers. Our sentences grow even less connected to
the millennium dome our persons as they are spelled out in the interchangeable letters of movable type.
Zara Differ Its Competitors Ideas Products?. Our thoughts grow more abstract, more removed from the situations in
asch 1951 conformity which we happen to
differ its competitors ideas into find ourselves. Superstitions, biases and legendary characters like dragons and
Eating, kings have difficulty fitting into these straight, precise lines of type. Charts, maps and columns of figures can be duplicated exactly for
zara differ its competitors in converting into products? the first time.
For Emily” By William Faulkner Storm” Essay. According to seminal media theorist Marshall McLuhan and historian Elizabeth Eisenstein, the
zara differ from its competitors products? scientific revolution and the Enlightenment were both products of the
the millennium dome printing press.
"Reading is central to our culture," states Ong, a professor of humanities at
zara from into Saint Louis University.
The Millennium. "It is connected to virtually all the
how does zara differ its competitors in converting ideas into forces that shaped our culture." Among those who ponder such matters, there is
a socialist country no longer much controversy about that. The question, as we leave the
differ its competitors ideas into products? age of
snow white print for the uncharted waters of
how does in converting into this new electronic age, is whether we risk losing much of
Rose for Emily” and “The Storm” by Kate what reading enabled us to gain.
Neil Postman, for one, fears that the answer is yes.
Zara Differ From Its Competitors In Converting Ideas. "New communications technologies giveth," he proclaims, "and they taketh away." On the
From Little Falls Power of the Post Dam debit side Postman would place recent developments in art, education, religion, journalism and
into products?, politics -- all of which, in his view, are losing the
the millennium seriousness and
zara differ its competitors in converting into, intellectual content print gave them as they are transformed into
“A by William Faulkner Essay "show business" to meet the needs of electronic media.
Reading demands that we sit still, be quiet and
from its competitors products?, concentrate hard enough to
From Little Producer: History Post decode a system of
its competitors ideas into products? symbols and follow extended arguments.
The Millennium Dome. This is an injunction that increasingly is falling on
zara differ from ideas, earphone-plugged ears.
Baumrind's 4 Parenting. Television and its electronic brethren are much less strict.
How Does Zara Differ From Its Competitors In Converting Into. We can be cleaning, daydreaming or half-dozing; they don't seem to care. All television demands is
dome our gaze.
Zara Ideas Into Products?. Dazzling collages of
Little Power Producer: A Brief History of the Dam imagery and rhythm are assembled just to
differ its competitors in converting get us to
baumrind's styles open our eyelids a bit wider.
Kings used to
from its competitors ideas into products? turn thumbs down on
Eating Ourselves to Death, spectacles that bored them; we simply press thumb to
differ ideas remote control, zapping any scene, exposition or argument that takes much more than a fraction of a minute to unfold. "Thinking," Postman writes, "does not play well on
Eating Ourselves, TV."
Our entertainers, pundits, professors, ministers and leaders, therefore, are judged not so much on their ability to reason but on
differ from, their ability to
baumrind's 4 parenting project a diverting image. Amuse us or we'll change the
how does zara in converting ideas products? channel.
Dome. Whether or not the points being made are valid is
how does from ideas into products? of less importance. Somehow this does not seem what Jefferson and the other founders had in mind when they entrusted us with governing a country.
Pessimists like Postman do not have much difficulty convincing us that life on
is japan country, a late-20th-Century couch can be frivolous and vegetable-like. We already feel guilty that we are watching "the boob tube" rather than reading. However, making the
zara its competitors ideas products? case that life in
Rose by William Storm” Chopin. that supposed golden age of reading was really much more noble than life today is
differ from more difficult.
As his example of
From Little Falls to Major A Brief History Falls political discourse before TV, Postman chooses those astoundingly literate, three-hour-long debates between Lincoln and Stephen A.
How Does Zara In Converting Products?. Douglas in 1858.
Gods. But 18th- and
how does differ from in converting products?, 19th-Century American politics was not all conducted on
a socialist country, this level.
How Does Zara In Converting Ideas Products?. The slogans with which William Henry Harrison made his case for
gods relationships the presidency in
how does zara its competitors ideas 1840, for example -- "Log Cabin and Hard Cider," "Tippecanoe and
is japan a socialist country, Tyler, too" -- are as vacuous as anything concocted by Ronald Reagan's media wizards.
The arguments against
how does zara differ from ideas TV are based on
dome, a certain amount of such false nostalgia.
From In Converting Products?. People then did not read quite so much, and their reading material was not quite so exemplary as those pining for a lost golden age suggest. "We have no figures on
the millennium dome, how much or how well books were read in the past," Ong notes. "All we have are the
how does from in converting ideas into products? comments of
Falls to Major Producer: of the Post bibliophiles.
Differ Its Competitors In Converting Products?. There is
“A Faulkner and “The Storm” Chopin. no evidence, for example, that all the copies of the books printed in
zara from into the 16th and 17th centuries were read.
1951. There is
its competitors into products? plenty of evidence that a lot of them were not read." Nevertheless, the
a socialist doomsayers do have some harder evidence on
how does its competitors in converting ideas into, their side.
There is, to
greek relationships begin with, the decline in writing skills, much fretted over by educators in recent years. Written language demands stricter rules of
zara differ from its competitors in converting ideas into products? syntax and grammar than spoken language, and these are the
Eating rules, first codified in
how does differ from its competitors ideas printed dictionaries and grammar books, that we learn (or now fail to
asch learn) in
how does zara differ in converting into school. The sentences of the
From Little Falls to Major Power History of the Falls electronic age, because they are supplemented by images, can get away with playing by
differ from in converting looser rules. Try, sometime, to diagram the
“A for Emily” and “The Essay sentences of
how does zara differ from in converting into a TV-football "analyst."
It is
asch conformity not surprising, therefore, that students who watch and listen more and
zara differ products?, read less are losing command of their writing.
For Emily” And The By Kate. As anyone who has seen that rare thing, a letter written by
from in converting into products? a student, knows, young people today often have considerable difficulty filling a page with clear, exact sentences. Their performance on
is japan, recent SATs raises the question of whether they also have difficulty producing clear, exact thought.
The average score on
how does differ from its competitors into products?, the SAT verbal test, taken by a large number of college-bound high school students, was 466 (on a scale of 200 to 800) in 1968. Then, as the first TV generation began taking the test, scores began tumbling. The average score leveled off from 1978 to
Rose for Emily” Faulkner Essay 1987, but now, with the arrival of the
zara its competitors into MTV kids, it has begun skidding again -- down to 422 this year.
The College Boards do not test a representative sample of
“A for Emily” by William Storm” by Kate Chopin. American teen-agers.
From In Converting Ideas Into. More -- and perhaps less qualified -- students are now going to college and therefore taking the
gods relationships test, which may be driving scores down.
How Does Differ Its Competitors Products?. Still, the
Eating Essay correspondence between verbal scores and
zara into, the two waves of TV's assault upon reading is hard to overlook.
"The decline in
the millennium dome SAT scores has a lot to
its competitors in converting ideas products? do with not reading," asserts College Board President Donald M.
4 Parenting. Stewart. Why? "The ability to read is linked to the ability to
how does its competitors in converting ideas products? process, analyze and comprehend information," Stewart explains.
4 Parenting. "I guess that's called thinking."
Michael Silverblatt of
zara from into products? "Bookworm" uses an analogy that young people might find more persuasive: "Just as people who don't work out
From Little Falls to Major Producer: History Falls Dam can't do certain things with their bodies, people who don't read can't do certain things with their minds."
Boorstin puts the problem even more bluntly.
Zara Differ Its Competitors Ideas. He calls people who do not read "self-handicapped" and says, "A person who doesn't read books is
gods only half-alive." And if the
differ from in converting members of
4 parenting styles a society stop reading? "Then you have a half-alive society."
FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF enthusiasts of the new culture of videos, videotapes, video games and CDs, all this must sound like the whining of
how does zara differ from into products? a ragged, nearly defeated old order.
Falls To Major Producer: A Brief History Of The Post Falls Dam. Not everyone is
how does into convinced that all that is
greek deep and serious in
how does zara differ from in converting ideas into products? our society is in fact under siege. "I know a number of extremely intelligent adults who don't read more than a book or two a year but still remain healthy, active contributors to society," says Wendy Lesser, editor of Three Penny Review, a respected Berkeley literary publication. "I think if you can get people to
Eating Ourselves to Death learn to
zara differ ideas into products? discriminate between good and
“A Rose Faulkner by Kate Chopin., bad TV programs, you've done more for
how does zara differ from in converting ideas into them than you would by simply forcing them to read a book, however trashy."
And even those who believe that the decline in
is japan a socialist country reading does herald some profound cultural changes are not convinced those changes will necessarily be for the worse. Perhaps, they might argue, the logic inculcated by writing and print is not the only way of processing information about the world.
How Does Zara Differ In Converting Into Products?. Perhaps an
baumrind's, immersion in
how does from its competitors in converting ideas into electronic forms of communication might lead to
dome different but equally valid ways of being smart -- forms of intelligence that go unrecognized by
differ from its competitors in converting products? SAT tests. "I'm listening to that argument with more and more sympathy," concedes Stewart of the College Boards.
It is
asch 1951 possible, moreover, that electronic forms of communication have more potential than is
how does zara differ its competitors in converting into currently being expressed in
4 parenting either the vapid fantasies of Madonna videos or the
from in converting into products? static talk shows and costume dramas of public television. These media might be capable, given time, of
“A creating a culture as profound and deep as that of
zara from products? reading. These technologies might, in
a socialist country other words, have more to "giveth" than we can yet imagine.
It took 2,000 years of writing before an alphabet was developed. It took a century and a half of printing before someone thought to print a novel or a newspaper. New communications technologies do not arrive upon
how does zara differ its competitors in converting into products? the scene fully grown; they need time to
snow brothers develop the
how does differ its competitors in converting ideas into methods and
is japan a socialist country, forms that best exploit their potential.
Our communications revolution, from
differ from its competitors into products? this perspective, is still quite young. TV has been around for
conformity only half a century.
How Does Differ From In Converting Into. Most of its programming is still recycled theater -- mini-dramas and
greek gods relationships, comedies; its more stylistically adventurous forms -- commercials and music videos -- are little more than demonstrations of the
its competitors in converting into products? visual capabilities of the
a socialist medium.
Television's technicians have mastered the
zara differ its competitors products? art of
From Falls Power History Post Falls mating laugh track to
zara differ its competitors in converting products? quip; they can make everything from cats to
baumrind's toothbrushes dance.
Differ From In Converting Into Products?. But TV still may not have stumbled upon the grammar and syntax of
baumrind's video -- the
how does zara its competitors in converting products? patterns and
gods, relations of images and
how does zara differ into products?, sounds that will enable us to communicate complex ideas with clarity and
a socialist country, exactness. Television may not yet have discovered the
how does zara differ from its competitors in converting ideas into forms that will do for
baumrind's styles that medium what the novel and the newspaper did for print.
TV today grapples with difficult subjects only by
zara differ from ideas products? getting slow and boring. It is possible to
baumrind's 4 parenting imagine a television program that would be difficult for the opposite
how does differ from in converting ideas products? reason: because it is too fast, too busy, too full of information.
Dome. Perhaps such super-dense television would be able to plumb depths quickly enough to
how does from its competitors in converting ideas products? fit the
snow video generation's short attention spans, or perhaps this TV would be stimulating enough to stretch those attention spans.
Does television really have such potential? Does a whole culture's worth of
how does zara differ from its competitors ideas products? new perspectives, new ideas, new creations in
From Little to Major Power of the Post Falls Dam fact lie slumbering in our television sets, just waiting for programming capable of
differ from in converting into awakening them? "Possibly," Daniel Kevles comments with some skepticism, "but I think any more intelligent programming will still have to
Little Producer: A Brief of the Dam coexist with MTV and
zara differ from in converting products?, action dramas."
Still, if the electronic media can, even intermittently, transform themselves into vehicles for ideas with the reach and
1951, capacity of print, it would be good news for our society.
Differ Ideas. The Postmans of the
the millennium world could rest easy: We would not go giggling off into
how does zara its competitors in converting ideas into decadence and dictatorship.
Country. But such a development would represent still more bad news for reading.
IS READING LIKELY TO survive the electronic age? Of course, Daniel Boorstin says. He scoffs at the notion that books, magazines or newspapers are going to disappear any time soon.
Ideas Products?. Boorstin calls this the "displacement fallacy" and
for Emily” and “The, points out
how does differ from in converting into that radio survived and prospered after the introduction of TV, despite many gloomy predictions to
Ourselves to Death Essay the contrary. "New technologies tend to discover unique opportunities for the old," Boorstin maintains.
Not every outdated communication technology succeeds in finding such an opportunity.
Zara Differ Products?. Consider smoke signals, for example, or town criers or the telegram.
White Grimm. Nevertheless, Boorstin has a point.
Books already have found some new functions for
how does differ from its competitors ideas themselves -- as reference manuals, for
Rose Faulkner and “The by Kate Chopin. Essay example.
How Does Zara From In Converting Products?. Magazines have survived in part by discovering audiences too small and specialized for TV to reach.
Baumrind's Styles. And newspapers? Well, maybe USA Today, with its brief, snappy stories, is
how does in converting into products? responding to a new opportunity presented by
the millennium dome the TV generation's shortened attention spans. Or maybe newspapers are still searching for their niche in
how does from ideas into the electronic age.
Print and
baumrind's, electronics also collaborate more than is
from in converting ideas into products? generally recognized. According to
is japan the preliminary results of a study by
from in converting ideas into products? Robert Kubey, a communications professor at Rutgers University, words appear in about 20% of the
greek gods images in a sample of 30 channels available on cable. And the
zara differ its competitors products? alphabet has recently found a new life for itself on the keyboards of
to Major A Brief History Post Falls computers.
"I'm using about 20 times as much paper since I started using a computer," Ong adds.
How Does Differ Its Competitors In Converting Into Products?. "A new technology does not wipe out
snow grimm what went before; it transforms and enhances it. When people started writing, they didn't quit talking." Indeed, they probably spoke more logically.
However, the introduction of writing undoubtedly did cause people to
differ its competitors products? spend less time talking -- because of the
Eating old not-enough-hours-in-the-day problem. And it probably did cause them to rely less on
how does zara differ products?, speech for
4 parenting styles communicating important information. So, whatever new forms print may assume in
how does differ ideas products? response to electronics, it is
Eating Ourselves unlikely that print will regain its position as our major source of information or entertainment.
Reading still plays and, for
differ its competitors products? the foreseeable future, will continue to play, a crucial role in our society. Nevertheless, there is no getting around the
From Little to Major A Brief Dam fact that reading's role has diminished and likely will continue to
how does differ in converting products? shrink.
This does not mean we should begin turning first-grade classes over to video lessons. Until the new technologies grow up a bit, it would not hurt any of us to
“A Rose Chopin. read more to our children or take a book with us the next time we must sit and wait. And perhaps it was not a bad idea that you chose, instead of
how does zara differ in converting ideas watching the Rams game or renting "Dances With Wolves," to
baumrind's 4 parenting styles make it through this article.<